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Journal of the Optical Society of America B

Multiple electromagnetically induced grating in the 85 Rb five-level atomic medium

Nguyen Thi Quynh Anh, Nguyen Huy Bang, Ha Thi Quynh Anh, Truong Chu Van Anh, Ngo Thi Tuyet, Nguyễn Thị Trang Nhung, Trinh Thi Nhu, Le Tra My, Le Thi Minh Huyen, Ngo Tien Hung, Le Van Doai

Published Mar 7, 2024• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In this work, a multiple electromagnetically induced grating is realized based on multiple electromagnetically induced transparency in the 85 Rb five-level atomic medium. We demonstrate that the diffraction pattern of the probe light field is observed at three different frequency regions corresponding to the three transparent spectral regions of the system. The influence of the intensity and frequency of the coupling laser field on the diffraction pattern of the electromagnetically induced grating and its diffraction efficiency is also investigated, which can find the optimal parameters to improve the higher-order diffraction efficiencies. The appearance of the multiple electromagnetically induced grating in multi-level atomic systems can be applied to photonic devices operating with multiple frequency channels.

DOI
10.1364/josab.517939

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In this work, a multiple electromagnetically induced grating is realized based on multiple electromagnetically induced transparency in the 85 Rb five-level atomic medium. We demonstrate that the diffraction pattern of the probe light field is observed at three different frequency regions corresponding to the three transparent spectral regions of the system. The influence of the intensity and frequency of the coupling laser field on the diffraction pattern of the electromagnetically induced grating and its diffraction efficiency is also investigated, which can find the optimal parameters to improve the higher-order diffraction efficiencies. The appearance of the multiple electromagnetically induced grating in multi-level atomic systems can be applied to photonic devices operating with multiple frequency channels.
Abstract A probe laser beam can be completely absorbed in an atomic resonance frequency region, however, if a coupling laser beam is further applied to the atom, the atomic medium can exhibit electromagnetically induced transparency, i.e the probe beam can be completely transmitted through the atomic medium. Thus, if the coupling beam is a standing wave field with nodes and antinodes, it will cause in space a periodic modulation of the transmitted spectrum of the probe field. This means that the probe field propagates through the atomic medium just as it passes through a diffraction grating which is called electromagnetically induced grating. Based on amplitude or phase modulation of transmission function, the absorption grating or the phase grating can be formed, respectively. In this work, based on controllable absorption and dispersion properties of a three-level V-type atomic system, we study the control of the absorption grating and the phase grating with respect to the intensity and the frequency of the laser fields. The absorption diffraction pattern at the two-photon resonance is obtained, while the phase diffraction pattern appears when there is a frequency shift of either the coupling frequency or the probe frequency compared to the corresponding atomic resonance frequency. By adjusting the coupling or/and probe laser frequency, the absorption grating can be converted into the phase grating and the high-order diffraction efficiency can also be improved.
Electromagnetically induced grating (EIG) is extensively investigated as an artificial periodic structure in recent years owed to its simple reconfiguration and flexible adjustability. We report the experimental observation of EIG in cold rubidium atoms. The coupling and probe lasers are corresponding to the 5S1/2−5P1/2 and 5S1/2−5P3/2 transitions of a V-type electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) configuration, respectively. A clear spatial intensity distribution of the probe laser with distinguished third-order diffraction pattern is recorded to character the EIG. The influence of the pertinent experimental parameters, such as coupling laser intensity and two-photon detuning on the diffraction pattern is investigated in detail. This is the first observation in visual form of the EIG in cold rubidium atoms. These results may potentially provide a nondestructive method to image cold atoms and pave the way for investigating non-Hermitian physics and the control of light dynamics.
We propose a scheme for generating an electromagnetically induced grating in a three-level Λ-type atomic system via multicolor coherence. Using the multicolour coupling field, the diffraction intensity of grating, especially the first-order diffraction can be significantly enhanced. The diffraction efficiency of grating can be controlled by changing the sum of the phases and the intensity of sidebands in the trichromatic driving field, and detuning the probe field frequency. This work may be useful for designing novel photonic devices for quantum information processing, quantum networking and optical imaging.
An electromagnetically induced phase grating controlled by spontaneous generated coherence (SGC) in a four-level N-type atomic system is studied. The results indicate that the diffraction efficiency of the phase grating is dramatically enhanced due to the existence of SGC, and an efficient electromagnetically induced phase grating can be obtained. A novel result is considerable improvement of the intensity of higher-order diffractions via relative phase between applied laser fields. Furthermore, it is found that the frequency detuning of the switching and coupling fields with the corresponding atomic transition, incoherent pumping, and the interaction length can improve the efficiency of the phase grating in the present atomic model.
In addition to the suppressed absorption in the atomic resonance region, an electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) medium also possess giant nonlinear dispersion which significantly affects the optical properties of the medium. In this work, we study the influence of third-order nonlinear susceptibility on electromagnetically induced grating (EIG) in a three-level V-type atomic medium. By applying stationary perturbation theory to the density matrix equations describing the time evolution of the quantum states of the system, we have found density matrix solutions to the third-order perturbation corresponding to the third-order susceptibility, and found the transmission function for the probe light. Using the Fourier transform of the transmission function, we can obtain the intensity distribution function of the EIG diffraction spectrum as a function of laser parameters and the atomic medium. To see the influence of third-order susceptibility on EIG diffraction spectrum, we have simulated EIG spectra in two cases with and without third-order susceptibility. We found that the first-order diffraction efficiency was significantly enhanced when third-order susceptibility was introduced.
We theoretically investigate the phenomena of electromagnetically induced grating in an M-type five-level atomic system. It is found that a weak field can be effectively diffracted into high-order directions using a standing wave coupling field, and different depths of the phase modulation can disperse the diffraction light into different orders. When the phase modulation depth is approximated to the orders of , and , the first-, second- and third-order diffraction intensity reach the maximum, respectively. Thus we can take advantage of the phase modulation to control the probe light dispersing into the required high orders.