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Journal of Optics

Electromagnetically induced grating via amplitude and phase modulations in a three-level V-type atomic medium

Nguyen Thi Thu Hien, Nguyen Huy Bang, Bui Van Cuong, Nguyen Thi Quynh Anh, Dinh Xuan Khoa, Luong Thi Yen Nga, Hoang Minh Dong, Nguyễn Tuấn Anh, Nguyen Van Ai, Phan Van Thuan, Le Nguyen Mai Anh, Le Van Doai

Published Sep 19, 2024• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract A probe laser beam can be completely absorbed in an atomic resonance frequency region, however, if a coupling laser beam is further applied to the atom, the atomic medium can exhibit electromagnetically induced transparency, i.e the probe beam can be completely transmitted through the atomic medium. Thus, if the coupling beam is a standing wave field with nodes and antinodes, it will cause in space a periodic modulation of the transmitted spectrum of the probe field. This means that the probe field propagates through the atomic medium just as it passes through a diffraction grating which is called electromagnetically induced grating. Based on amplitude or phase modulation of transmission function, the absorption grating or the phase grating can be formed, respectively. In this work, based on controllable absorption and dispersion properties of a three-level V-type atomic system, we study the control of the absorption grating and the phase grating with respect to the intensity and the frequency of the laser fields. The absorption diffraction pattern at the two-photon resonance is obtained, while the phase diffraction pattern appears when there is a frequency shift of either the coupling frequency or the probe frequency compared to the corresponding atomic resonance frequency. By adjusting the coupling or/and probe laser frequency, the absorption grating can be converted into the phase grating and the high-order diffraction efficiency can also be improved.

DOI
10.1088/2040-8986/ad7d19

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Chinese Physics Letters•Jul 1, 2017•6 citations
Abstract A probe laser beam can be completely absorbed in an atomic resonance frequency region, however, if a coupling laser beam is further applied to the atom, the atomic medium can exhibit electromagnetically induced transparency, i.e the probe beam can be completely transmitted through the atomic medium. Thus, if the coupling beam is a standing wave field with nodes and antinodes, it will cause in space a periodic modulation of the transmitted spectrum of the probe field. This means that the probe field propagates through the atomic medium just as it passes through a diffraction grating which is called electromagnetically induced grating. Based on amplitude or phase modulation of transmission function, the absorption grating or the phase grating can be formed, respectively. In this work, based on controllable absorption and dispersion properties of a three-level V-type atomic system, we study the control of the absorption grating and the phase grating with respect to the intensity and the frequency of the laser fields. The absorption diffraction pattern at the two-photon resonance is obtained, while the phase diffraction pattern appears when there is a frequency shift of either the coupling frequency or the probe frequency compared to the corresponding atomic resonance frequency. By adjusting the coupling or/and probe laser frequency, the absorption grating can be converted into the phase grating and the high-order diffraction efficiency can also be improved.
In this work, a multiple electromagnetically induced grating is realized based on multiple electromagnetically induced transparency in the 85 Rb five-level atomic medium. We demonstrate that the diffraction pattern of the probe light field is observed at three different frequency regions corresponding to the three transparent spectral regions of the system. The influence of the intensity and frequency of the coupling laser field on the diffraction pattern of the electromagnetically induced grating and its diffraction efficiency is also investigated, which can find the optimal parameters to improve the higher-order diffraction efficiencies. The appearance of the multiple electromagnetically induced grating in multi-level atomic systems can be applied to photonic devices operating with multiple frequency channels.
In addition to the suppressed absorption in the atomic resonance region, an electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) medium also possess giant nonlinear dispersion which significantly affects the optical properties of the medium. In this work, we study the influence of third-order nonlinear susceptibility on electromagnetically induced grating (EIG) in a three-level V-type atomic medium. By applying stationary perturbation theory to the density matrix equations describing the time evolution of the quantum states of the system, we have found density matrix solutions to the third-order perturbation corresponding to the third-order susceptibility, and found the transmission function for the probe light. Using the Fourier transform of the transmission function, we can obtain the intensity distribution function of the EIG diffraction spectrum as a function of laser parameters and the atomic medium. To see the influence of third-order susceptibility on EIG diffraction spectrum, we have simulated EIG spectra in two cases with and without third-order susceptibility. We found that the first-order diffraction efficiency was significantly enhanced when third-order susceptibility was introduced.
We propose a scheme for effectively creating a type of all optical device called electromagnetically induced two-dimensional grating by utilizing a four-level coherent atomic medium, which is coherently driven by two orthogonal standing-wave fields. With a far-off resonant trigger field, a spatially modulated cross-phase modulation takes place accompanied by vanishing absorption. The resulting phase grating can diffract the probe beam into high-order directions. When a resonant trigger field is applied on the atoms, the probe obtains gain without inversion due to the atomic coherence effect. And then a gain-phase grating is formed. The diffraction efficiency can be significantly improved compared with that of phase grating. The results show that the diffraction efficiencies attainable by the gratings strongly depend on the interaction length, coherent field intensity, probe field detuning and coherent field detuning. Therefore, the proposed gratings can be used as two-dimensional multi-channel beam splitter which have potential application in optical networking and communication.
We demonstrate a scheme for coherently induced grating based on a mixture of two three-level atomic species interacting with two standing-wave fields. As a result of interaction between the absorptive and amplified Raman resonances, the refractive index of the medium can be enhanced and modulated periodically. Then a sinusoidal grating, which can diffract the probe field into high-order directions, is coherently formed in the medium. The proposed scheme is theoretically investigated in a mixture of atomic isotopes of rubidium. The results show that the diffraction efficiency depends strongly on the two two-photon detunings of the two Raman transitions and the intensities of the two driving standing-wave fields. The proposed electromagnetically induced grating scheme may be applied to the all-optical switching and beam splitting in optical networking and communication.
Abstract A scheme for two-dimensional (2D) electromagnetically induced grating via spatial gain and phase modulation is presented in a two-level atomic system. Based on the interactions of two orthogonal standing-wave fields, the atom could diffract the weak probe beam into high-order directions and a 2D diffraction grating is generated. It is shown that the diffraction efficiency of the grating can be efficiently manipulated by controlling the Rabi frequencies of control fields, the detunings of the control and probe fields, and interaction length. Different from 2D cross-grating via electromagnetically induced transparency in a four-level atomic system, the present scheme results from the spatial modulation of gain and phase in a simple two-level system, which could lead to 2D gain-phase grating with larger diffraction intensities in the diffraction directions. The studies we present may have potential applications in developing photon devices for optical-switching, optical imaging and quantum information processing.
We theoretically investigate the phenomena of electromagnetically induced grating in an M-type five-level atomic system. It is found that a weak field can be effectively diffracted into high-order directions using a standing wave coupling field, and different depths of the phase modulation can disperse the diffraction light into different orders. When the phase modulation depth is approximated to the orders of , and , the first-, second- and third-order diffraction intensity reach the maximum, respectively. Thus we can take advantage of the phase modulation to control the probe light dispersing into the required high orders.