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Chinese Physics Letters

Effect of Phase Modulation on Electromagnetically Induced Grating in a Five-Level M-Type Atomic System

Li Wang, Yihong Qi, Li Deng, Yueping Niu, Shangqing Gong, Hongju Guo

Published Jul 1, 2017• 6 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We theoretically investigate the phenomena of electromagnetically induced grating in an M-type five-level atomic system. It is found that a weak field can be effectively diffracted into high-order directions using a standing wave coupling field, and different depths of the phase modulation can disperse the diffraction light into different orders. When the phase modulation depth is approximated to the orders of , and , the first-, second- and third-order diffraction intensity reach the maximum, respectively. Thus we can take advantage of the phase modulation to control the probe light dispersing into the required high orders.

DOI
10.1088/0256-307x/34/7/074206

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We theoretically investigate the phenomena of electromagnetically induced grating in an M-type five-level atomic system. It is found that a weak field can be effectively diffracted into high-order directions using a standing wave coupling field, and different depths of the phase modulation can disperse the diffraction light into different orders. When the phase modulation depth is approximated to the orders of , and , the first-, second- and third-order diffraction intensity reach the maximum, respectively. Thus we can take advantage of the phase modulation to control the probe light dispersing into the required high orders.
An electromagnetically induced grating in a four-level tripod-type atomic system is studied theoretically. By virtue of a weak standing-wave signal field, the phase modulation effectively diffracts a weak probe field into the first-order direction. By changing the weak signal field, the diffraction of the weak probe field can be modulated in real time, and a first-order diffraction efficiency of more than 32% can be obtained with proper parameters. Such a system has a potential application in an all-optical switch controlled by a weak optical signal.
Abstract A probe laser beam can be completely absorbed in an atomic resonance frequency region, however, if a coupling laser beam is further applied to the atom, the atomic medium can exhibit electromagnetically induced transparency, i.e the probe beam can be completely transmitted through the atomic medium. Thus, if the coupling beam is a standing wave field with nodes and antinodes, it will cause in space a periodic modulation of the transmitted spectrum of the probe field. This means that the probe field propagates through the atomic medium just as it passes through a diffraction grating which is called electromagnetically induced grating. Based on amplitude or phase modulation of transmission function, the absorption grating or the phase grating can be formed, respectively. In this work, based on controllable absorption and dispersion properties of a three-level V-type atomic system, we study the control of the absorption grating and the phase grating with respect to the intensity and the frequency of the laser fields. The absorption diffraction pattern at the two-photon resonance is obtained, while the phase diffraction pattern appears when there is a frequency shift of either the coupling frequency or the probe frequency compared to the corresponding atomic resonance frequency. By adjusting the coupling or/and probe laser frequency, the absorption grating can be converted into the phase grating and the high-order diffraction efficiency can also be improved.
Abstract A scheme for two-dimensional (2D) electromagnetically induced grating via spatial gain and phase modulation is presented in a two-level atomic system. Based on the interactions of two orthogonal standing-wave fields, the atom could diffract the weak probe beam into high-order directions and a 2D diffraction grating is generated. It is shown that the diffraction efficiency of the grating can be efficiently manipulated by controlling the Rabi frequencies of control fields, the detunings of the control and probe fields, and interaction length. Different from 2D cross-grating via electromagnetically induced transparency in a four-level atomic system, the present scheme results from the spatial modulation of gain and phase in a simple two-level system, which could lead to 2D gain-phase grating with larger diffraction intensities in the diffraction directions. The studies we present may have potential applications in developing photon devices for optical-switching, optical imaging and quantum information processing.
Abstract We proposed a theoretical scheme for two-dimensional (2D) electromagnetically induced grating (EIG) in a closed-loop four-level atomic system driven by a weak probe field, a traveling-wave control field, two orthogonal standing-wave fields and a microwave field. Due to low amplitude modulation accompanied with large phase modulation, EIG can be obtained and the probe energy can be diffracted into first-order and even high-order directions with high efficiency. The results show that the diffraction pattern and efficiency of the EIG could be adjusted effectively by the probe field detuning, the coherent field intensity, the interaction length. Meanwhile, the quantum interference between the amplitude modulation and phase modulation can be manipulated by the relative phase, which can be used to regulate the diffraction pattern and efficiency of the 2D EIG. Our scheme of 2D EIG may be useful in beam splitting and all-optical switching.
Abstract In this paper, we investigated electromagnetically induced grating in a three-level atomic system via relative phase between applied lights. The three-level atomic system interacts with a weak probe light, a signal light and a strong standing wave coupling light in two-dimensional directions. We realized that Fraunhofer diffraction pattern can be obtained by tuning the intensity and detuning’s of the coupling light. We also use of optical vortex light instead of optical plane wave and found that the asymmetric diffraction pattern can be obtained via orbital angular momentum (OAM), respectively. We also studied the different orders of the diffraction pattern versus relative phase of applied lights for different number of OAM.
A microwave driven five-level X-type atomic system is proposed to diffract weak probe light into higher-order directions via the phenomenon of electromagnetically induced grating. In the proposed scheme, the effect of various system and field parameters on its higher-order diffraction efficiency is studied. The present atomic scheme offers excellent control over higher-order diffraction intensities by utilizing the microwave induced quantum interference effect. It is observed that the desired first-order diffraction efficiency can be attained through optimal selection of microwave field strength and relative phase factor.