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Europhysics Letters (EPL)

Two-dimensional electromagnetically induced grating in coherent atomic medium

Yu-Yuan Chen, Zhuanzhuan Liu, Ren-Gang Wan

Published Dec 1, 2016• 21 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We propose a scheme for effectively creating a type of all optical device called electromagnetically induced two-dimensional grating by utilizing a four-level coherent atomic medium, which is coherently driven by two orthogonal standing-wave fields. With a far-off resonant trigger field, a spatially modulated cross-phase modulation takes place accompanied by vanishing absorption. The resulting phase grating can diffract the probe beam into high-order directions. When a resonant trigger field is applied on the atoms, the probe obtains gain without inversion due to the atomic coherence effect. And then a gain-phase grating is formed. The diffraction efficiency can be significantly improved compared with that of phase grating. The results show that the diffraction efficiencies attainable by the gratings strongly depend on the interaction length, coherent field intensity, probe field detuning and coherent field detuning. Therefore, the proposed gratings can be used as two-dimensional multi-channel beam splitter which have potential application in optical networking and communication.

DOI
10.1209/0295-5075/116/64006

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Abstract A scheme for two-dimensional (2D) electromagnetically induced grating via spatial gain and phase modulation is presented in a two-level atomic system. Based on the interactions of two orthogonal standing-wave fields, the atom could diffract the weak probe beam into high-order directions and a 2D diffraction grating is generated. It is shown that the diffraction efficiency of the grating can be efficiently manipulated by controlling the Rabi frequencies of control fields, the detunings of the control and probe fields, and interaction length. Different from 2D cross-grating via electromagnetically induced transparency in a four-level atomic system, the present scheme results from the spatial modulation of gain and phase in a simple two-level system, which could lead to 2D gain-phase grating with larger diffraction intensities in the diffraction directions. The studies we present may have potential applications in developing photon devices for optical-switching, optical imaging and quantum information processing.
Abstract We propose a scheme for electromagnetically induced 2D grating in a mixture of two three-level Λ systems driven by two pairs of far-detuned coherent standing-wave fields. The key idea, which has been used to achieve the refractive index enhancement with vanishing absorption, is to induce two Raman resonances for the probe field, and their strength can be tuned via the two-photon detunings and the intensity of coupling field. By manipulating the absorption and gain properties of these two Raman resonances, absorption-phase grating, phase grating and gain-phase grating which effectively diffract a probe field into high-order directions can be formed in the atoms with the help of standing-wave pattern coherent fields. The diffracting power of the presented gratings strongly depends on the two-photon resonance condition and amplitude of coherent fields, hence the gratings can be used as all-optical multi-channel splitters or all-optical router in optical networking and communication.
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We demonstrate a scheme for coherently induced grating based on a mixture of two three-level atomic species interacting with two standing-wave fields. As a result of interaction between the absorptive and amplified Raman resonances, the refractive index of the medium can be enhanced and modulated periodically. Then a sinusoidal grating, which can diffract the probe field into high-order directions, is coherently formed in the medium. The proposed scheme is theoretically investigated in a mixture of atomic isotopes of rubidium. The results show that the diffraction efficiency depends strongly on the two two-photon detunings of the two Raman transitions and the intensities of the two driving standing-wave fields. The proposed electromagnetically induced grating scheme may be applied to the all-optical switching and beam splitting in optical networking and communication.
By using two orthogonal coupling standing-wave fields, we propose a scheme for a two-dimensional electromagnetically induced cross-grating (EICG) in a four-level tripod-type atomic system. Based on the electromagnetically induced transparency, the probe field will be diffracted and form the two-dimensional EICG through the interaction of the two coupling standing-wave fields. It is shown that the first-order diffraction intensity of the two-dimensional EICG depends observably on the detuning of the probe field and the Rabi frequencies of the two coupling standing-wave fields. The results may be used to develop novel photonic devices for use in quantum information processing, quantum networking and optical imaging.
Abstract We propose a scheme for a two-dimensional (2D) electromagnetically induced cross-grating (EICG) in a four-level N -type atomic system. By employing standing-wave fields interacting with the atomic system, the absorption and dispersion of the probe field will change with the spatial periodical modulation. The first-order diffraction intensity sensitively depends on the parameters (the probe detuning, and the amplitude and detuning of the standing-wave fields), and can reach its maximum on varying the system parameters. The present studies may be instructive to design new devices in all-optical switching and optical imaging.