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Laser Physics Letters

Electromagnetically induced 2D grating via refractive index enhancement in a far-off resonant system

Yu-Yuan Chen, Zhuan-Zhuan Liu, Ren-Gang Wan

Published Jun 5, 2017• 16 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract We propose a scheme for electromagnetically induced 2D grating in a mixture of two three-level Λ systems driven by two pairs of far-detuned coherent standing-wave fields. The key idea, which has been used to achieve the refractive index enhancement with vanishing absorption, is to induce two Raman resonances for the probe field, and their strength can be tuned via the two-photon detunings and the intensity of coupling field. By manipulating the absorption and gain properties of these two Raman resonances, absorption-phase grating, phase grating and gain-phase grating which effectively diffract a probe field into high-order directions can be formed in the atoms with the help of standing-wave pattern coherent fields. The diffracting power of the presented gratings strongly depends on the two-photon resonance condition and amplitude of coherent fields, hence the gratings can be used as all-optical multi-channel splitters or all-optical router in optical networking and communication.

DOI
10.1088/1612-202x/aa74ee

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Abstract We propose a scheme for electromagnetically induced 2D grating in a mixture of two three-level Λ systems driven by two pairs of far-detuned coherent standing-wave fields. The key idea, which has been used to achieve the refractive index enhancement with vanishing absorption, is to induce two Raman resonances for the probe field, and their strength can be tuned via the two-photon detunings and the intensity of coupling field. By manipulating the absorption and gain properties of these two Raman resonances, absorption-phase grating, phase grating and gain-phase grating which effectively diffract a probe field into high-order directions can be formed in the atoms with the help of standing-wave pattern coherent fields. The diffracting power of the presented gratings strongly depends on the two-photon resonance condition and amplitude of coherent fields, hence the gratings can be used as all-optical multi-channel splitters or all-optical router in optical networking and communication.
We demonstrate a scheme for coherently induced grating based on a mixture of two three-level atomic species interacting with two standing-wave fields. As a result of interaction between the absorptive and amplified Raman resonances, the refractive index of the medium can be enhanced and modulated periodically. Then a sinusoidal grating, which can diffract the probe field into high-order directions, is coherently formed in the medium. The proposed scheme is theoretically investigated in a mixture of atomic isotopes of rubidium. The results show that the diffraction efficiency depends strongly on the two two-photon detunings of the two Raman transitions and the intensities of the two driving standing-wave fields. The proposed electromagnetically induced grating scheme may be applied to the all-optical switching and beam splitting in optical networking and communication.
We propose a scheme for effectively creating a type of all optical device called electromagnetically induced two-dimensional grating by utilizing a four-level coherent atomic medium, which is coherently driven by two orthogonal standing-wave fields. With a far-off resonant trigger field, a spatially modulated cross-phase modulation takes place accompanied by vanishing absorption. The resulting phase grating can diffract the probe beam into high-order directions. When a resonant trigger field is applied on the atoms, the probe obtains gain without inversion due to the atomic coherence effect. And then a gain-phase grating is formed. The diffraction efficiency can be significantly improved compared with that of phase grating. The results show that the diffraction efficiencies attainable by the gratings strongly depend on the interaction length, coherent field intensity, probe field detuning and coherent field detuning. Therefore, the proposed gratings can be used as two-dimensional multi-channel beam splitter which have potential application in optical networking and communication.
Abstract A scheme for two-dimensional (2D) electromagnetically induced grating via spatial gain and phase modulation is presented in a two-level atomic system. Based on the interactions of two orthogonal standing-wave fields, the atom could diffract the weak probe beam into high-order directions and a 2D diffraction grating is generated. It is shown that the diffraction efficiency of the grating can be efficiently manipulated by controlling the Rabi frequencies of control fields, the detunings of the control and probe fields, and interaction length. Different from 2D cross-grating via electromagnetically induced transparency in a four-level atomic system, the present scheme results from the spatial modulation of gain and phase in a simple two-level system, which could lead to 2D gain-phase grating with larger diffraction intensities in the diffraction directions. The studies we present may have potential applications in developing photon devices for optical-switching, optical imaging and quantum information processing.
Abstract We proposed a theoretical scheme for two-dimensional (2D) electromagnetically induced grating (EIG) in a closed-loop four-level atomic system driven by a weak probe field, a traveling-wave control field, two orthogonal standing-wave fields and a microwave field. Due to low amplitude modulation accompanied with large phase modulation, EIG can be obtained and the probe energy can be diffracted into first-order and even high-order directions with high efficiency. The results show that the diffraction pattern and efficiency of the EIG could be adjusted effectively by the probe field detuning, the coherent field intensity, the interaction length. Meanwhile, the quantum interference between the amplitude modulation and phase modulation can be manipulated by the relative phase, which can be used to regulate the diffraction pattern and efficiency of the 2D EIG. Our scheme of 2D EIG may be useful in beam splitting and all-optical switching.
Abstract We propose a scheme of two-dimensional electromagnetically induced grating in a three-level Ladder-type atomic system, which is driven by a weak probe field, two orthogonal standing-wave fields, and an incoherent pump field. Due to the position-dependent atom-field interaction, the periodical susceptibility of the probe field can be obtained. By using an incoherent pump field, one can control the absorption (gain) and dispersion of the probe field. By choosing proper parameters, a electromagnetically induced gain-phase grating can be formed in the present system, and the probe energy can be diffracted from zeroth-order into high-order directions. Our scheme may be useful to design new photonic devices in optical information processing.
We propose and analyze an efficient scheme for the one- and two-dimensional atomic gratings based on periodic spatial modulation of the Raman gain and dispersion, which we name the Raman-induced diffraction gratings (RIDGs). There are fundamentally different from those based on electromagnetically induced transparency. As the probe field propagates along the direction normal to the standing pump wave, it can be effectively diffracted into high-order directions. The grating is a hybrid grating, i.e. it represents a mixture of amplitude and phase gratings. We identify the conditions when all high-order diffractions are amplified. In addition, we also show that diffraction of a probe field could be dynamically controlled using an additional laser field. With its help, it is possible to suppress or amplify diffraction beams. The RIDGs can be considered as all-optical multibeam splitters with amplification.