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Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements

Cryogenic Calibration of the RF Josephson Arbitrary Waveform Synthesizer

Justus A. Brevik, Alírio Boaventura, Akim A. Babenko, Manuel A. Castellanos-Beltran, Nathan E. Flowers-Jacobs, Anna E. Fox, P. F. Hopkins, Paul D. Dresselhaus, Dylan Forrest Williams, Samuel P. Benz

Published Aug 1, 2020• 12 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We performed a preliminary calibrated measurement of the output power of a Josephson arbitrary waveform synthesizer up to 1 GHz. We present the results and measurement procedure for generating quantum-based signals using an array of Josephson junctions operating at cryogenic temperature and calibrating those signals to transfer the on-wafer quantum-based accuracy to room temperature.

DOI
10.1109/cpem49742.2020.9191746

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We performed a preliminary calibrated measurement of the output power of a Josephson arbitrary waveform synthesizer up to 1 GHz. We present the results and measurement procedure for generating quantum-based signals using an array of Josephson junctions operating at cryogenic temperature and calibrating those signals to transfer the on-wafer quantum-based accuracy to room temperature.
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In this paper, the use of Josephson Arbitrary Waveform Synthesizer System's superconducting integrated circuit consisting of two Josephson Junctions arrays, for microwave power measurements is investigated. The critical current, the temperature dependent phenomena of the Josephson Junctions, is used to compare DC power and MW power reaching the neighbor array. Validation of the method is roughly demonstrated by measuring the attenuation of the waveguide used within the stick used to immerse the circuit to cryogenic environment. The attenuation of the waveguide is measured with the novel sensor and the conventional method. The preliminary results show 0.2 dB consistence of the attenuation measurements between the conventional and the novel method at different power levels at 1 GHz, that suggest that the method can be useful. To improve the repeatability and accuracy by automation, which is essential for such measurements, new power sensor is designed and presented.
To make the experimental setup of the Josephson arbitrary waveform synthesizer less complex by reducing the number of RF cables between room and cryogenic temperature, we developed on-chip RF power dividers. By integration of these components, we can eventually increase the number of Josephson junctions operated by one single pulse-pattern generator channel, and thus reduce the costs of the setup. At Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, we designed, fabricated, and investigated the performance of two different RF power dividers types: the serial-parallel and the Wilkinson power divider. Spectrally pure sinusoidal waveforms were successfully synthesized with both types of power dividers. With the Wilkinson power divider, we obtained 17.55 mV (rms) at a clock frequency of 15 GHz combined with a test array of 1000 Josephson junctions. As for the serial-parallel power divider combined with a test array of 2000 Josephson junctions, we synthesized rms output voltages of 19.0 mV.
We have measured the output power versus synthesis frequency (transfer function), up to 100 MHz, of a modified Josephson arbitrary waveform synthesizer. A 50 Ω resistor was integrated within the Josephson junction array circuit to match the nominally zero array impedance to a 50 Ω transmission line and load. The resistor significantly reduces ripple in the transfer function due to reflections from impedance mismatches, but it reduces the output voltage by a factor of two. The measured power is constant within 0.01 dB up to 10 MHz, above which it deviates by no more than 0.15 dB.