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Applied Optics

Beam splitter and router via an incoherent pump-assisted electromagnetically induced blazed grating

Yu-Yuan Chen, Zhuan-Zhuan Liu, Ren-Gang Wan

Published Jul 7, 2017• 13 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We propose a scheme for a beam splitter and a beam router via an electromagnetically induced blazed grating in a four-level double-Λ system driven by an intensity-modulated coupling field and an incoherent pump field. The blazed grating relies on the incoherent pump process, which helps in inducing large refractivity with suppressed absorption or even gain. Consequently, the weak probe beam can be effectively deflected with high diffraction efficiency, and, meanwhile, its energy is amplified. When using an intensity mask with two symmetric domains in the coupling field, the presented blazed grating provides the possibility of a symmetric beam splitter. The diffraction efficiency and diffraction order of the gratings are sensitive to the intensity of the coupling field, and, thus, the gratings can function as a tunable asymmetric beam splitter or a beam router, which distributes the probe field into different spatial directions. Therefore, the proposed scheme may have potential applications in optical communication and networking.

DOI
10.1364/ao.56.005736

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We propose a scheme for a beam splitter and a beam router via an electromagnetically induced blazed grating in a four-level double-Λ system driven by an intensity-modulated coupling field and an incoherent pump field. The blazed grating relies on the incoherent pump process, which helps in inducing large refractivity with suppressed absorption or even gain. Consequently, the weak probe beam can be effectively deflected with high diffraction efficiency, and, meanwhile, its energy is amplified. When using an intensity mask with two symmetric domains in the coupling field, the presented blazed grating provides the possibility of a symmetric beam splitter. The diffraction efficiency and diffraction order of the gratings are sensitive to the intensity of the coupling field, and, thus, the gratings can function as a tunable asymmetric beam splitter or a beam router, which distributes the probe field into different spatial directions. Therefore, the proposed scheme may have potential applications in optical communication and networking.
A blazed gain grating in a four-level atomic system is theoretically demonstrated. This grating is based on the spatial modulation of Raman gain, which is created by an intensity mask in the signal field. Due to the modulo-2π phase modulation, the majority of energy in the amplified probe beam can be deflected into the first-order direction, and a diffraction efficiency higher than 100% is predicted. When an intensity mask having two symmetric domains is adopted, this proposal can give a further possibility of all-optical beam splitting.
Abstract We propose a scheme for electromagnetically induced 2D grating in a mixture of two three-level Λ systems driven by two pairs of far-detuned coherent standing-wave fields. The key idea, which has been used to achieve the refractive index enhancement with vanishing absorption, is to induce two Raman resonances for the probe field, and their strength can be tuned via the two-photon detunings and the intensity of coupling field. By manipulating the absorption and gain properties of these two Raman resonances, absorption-phase grating, phase grating and gain-phase grating which effectively diffract a probe field into high-order directions can be formed in the atoms with the help of standing-wave pattern coherent fields. The diffracting power of the presented gratings strongly depends on the two-photon resonance condition and amplitude of coherent fields, hence the gratings can be used as all-optical multi-channel splitters or all-optical router in optical networking and communication.
We propose a scheme for effectively creating a type of all optical device called electromagnetically induced two-dimensional grating by utilizing a four-level coherent atomic medium, which is coherently driven by two orthogonal standing-wave fields. With a far-off resonant trigger field, a spatially modulated cross-phase modulation takes place accompanied by vanishing absorption. The resulting phase grating can diffract the probe beam into high-order directions. When a resonant trigger field is applied on the atoms, the probe obtains gain without inversion due to the atomic coherence effect. And then a gain-phase grating is formed. The diffraction efficiency can be significantly improved compared with that of phase grating. The results show that the diffraction efficiencies attainable by the gratings strongly depend on the interaction length, coherent field intensity, probe field detuning and coherent field detuning. Therefore, the proposed gratings can be used as two-dimensional multi-channel beam splitter which have potential application in optical networking and communication.
We introduce here double electromagnetically induced grating (DEIG) using a tripod atomic structure, wherein two probe and signal fields with different frequencies simultaneously experience an atomic grating. Properties of presented DEIG can be substantially modified by the detuning of the applied fields. It has also been found that applying an incoherent pump field has a remarkable influence on the high-order diffraction efficiencies. Amplification of travelling weak lights via the incoherent pump field results in large diffraction efficiencies in the first-order and second-order directions. Such a novel scheme might open up the possibility for designing a two-qubit switch that would be advantageous to quantum information processing and quantum networking.
Abstract We propose a scheme of two-dimensional electromagnetically induced grating in a three-level Ladder-type atomic system, which is driven by a weak probe field, two orthogonal standing-wave fields, and an incoherent pump field. Due to the position-dependent atom-field interaction, the periodical susceptibility of the probe field can be obtained. By using an incoherent pump field, one can control the absorption (gain) and dispersion of the probe field. By choosing proper parameters, a electromagnetically induced gain-phase grating can be formed in the present system, and the probe energy can be diffracted from zeroth-order into high-order directions. Our scheme may be useful to design new photonic devices in optical information processing.
Abstract A scheme for two-dimensional (2D) electromagnetically induced grating via spatial gain and phase modulation is presented in a two-level atomic system. Based on the interactions of two orthogonal standing-wave fields, the atom could diffract the weak probe beam into high-order directions and a 2D diffraction grating is generated. It is shown that the diffraction efficiency of the grating can be efficiently manipulated by controlling the Rabi frequencies of control fields, the detunings of the control and probe fields, and interaction length. Different from 2D cross-grating via electromagnetically induced transparency in a four-level atomic system, the present scheme results from the spatial modulation of gain and phase in a simple two-level system, which could lead to 2D gain-phase grating with larger diffraction intensities in the diffraction directions. The studies we present may have potential applications in developing photon devices for optical-switching, optical imaging and quantum information processing.