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Journal of the Optical Society of America B

Blazed gain grating in a four-level atomic system

Shang-qi Kuang, Haigui Yang

Published Dec 13, 2012• 20 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A blazed gain grating in a four-level atomic system is theoretically demonstrated. This grating is based on the spatial modulation of Raman gain, which is created by an intensity mask in the signal field. Due to the modulo-2π phase modulation, the majority of energy in the amplified probe beam can be deflected into the first-order direction, and a diffraction efficiency higher than 100% is predicted. When an intensity mask having two symmetric domains is adopted, this proposal can give a further possibility of all-optical beam splitting.

DOI
10.1364/josab.30.000136

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A blazed gain grating in a four-level atomic system is theoretically demonstrated. This grating is based on the spatial modulation of Raman gain, which is created by an intensity mask in the signal field. Due to the modulo-2π phase modulation, the majority of energy in the amplified probe beam can be deflected into the first-order direction, and a diffraction efficiency higher than 100% is predicted. When an intensity mask having two symmetric domains is adopted, this proposal can give a further possibility of all-optical beam splitting.
We propose a scheme for inducing a blazed transmission grating in a four-level, NNN-type atomic medium under electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). The blazed grating relies on the giant Kerr nonlinearity that the atomic medium exhibits under EIT. The grating is created using an intensity mask in one of the driving optical fields and only weak fields with intensities below saturation level are involved. Diffraction efficiencies of a resonant probe beam close to 100100%100 are predicted.
Abstract A scheme for two-dimensional (2D) electromagnetically induced grating via spatial gain and phase modulation is presented in a two-level atomic system. Based on the interactions of two orthogonal standing-wave fields, the atom could diffract the weak probe beam into high-order directions and a 2D diffraction grating is generated. It is shown that the diffraction efficiency of the grating can be efficiently manipulated by controlling the Rabi frequencies of control fields, the detunings of the control and probe fields, and interaction length. Different from 2D cross-grating via electromagnetically induced transparency in a four-level atomic system, the present scheme results from the spatial modulation of gain and phase in a simple two-level system, which could lead to 2D gain-phase grating with larger diffraction intensities in the diffraction directions. The studies we present may have potential applications in developing photon devices for optical-switching, optical imaging and quantum information processing.
In order to obtain an atomic grating which can diffract light into the high-order directions more efficiently, a gain-phase grating (GPG) based on the spatial modulation of active Raman gain is theoretically presented. This grating is induced by a pump field and a standing wave in ultracold atoms, and it not only diffracts a weak probe field propagating along a direction normal to the standing wave into the high-order directions, but also amplifies the amplitude of the zero-order diffraction. In contrast with electromagnetically induced grating or electromagnetically induced phase grating, the GPG has larger diffraction efficiencies in the high-order directions. Hence it is more suitable to be utilized as an all-optical router in optical networking and communication.
Based on the spatial modulation of active Raman gain, a two-dimensional gain cross-grating is theoretically proposed. As the probe field propagates along the z direction and passes through the intersectant region of the two orthogonal standing-wave fields in the x – y plane, it can be effectively diffracted into the high-order directions, and the zero-order diffraction intensity is amplified at the same time. In comparison with the two-dimensional electromagnetically induced cross-grating based on electromagnetically induced transparency, the two-dimensional gain cross-grating has much higher diffraction intensities in the first-order and the high-order directions. Hence, it is more suitable to be utilized as all-optical switching and routing in optical networking and communication.
We propose and analyze an efficient scheme for the one- and two-dimensional atomic gratings based on periodic spatial modulation of the Raman gain and dispersion, which we name the Raman-induced diffraction gratings (RIDGs). There are fundamentally different from those based on electromagnetically induced transparency. As the probe field propagates along the direction normal to the standing pump wave, it can be effectively diffracted into high-order directions. The grating is a hybrid grating, i.e. it represents a mixture of amplitude and phase gratings. We identify the conditions when all high-order diffractions are amplified. In addition, we also show that diffraction of a probe field could be dynamically controlled using an additional laser field. With its help, it is possible to suppress or amplify diffraction beams. The RIDGs can be considered as all-optical multibeam splitters with amplification.
We propose a scheme for a beam splitter and a beam router via an electromagnetically induced blazed grating in a four-level double-Λ system driven by an intensity-modulated coupling field and an incoherent pump field. The blazed grating relies on the incoherent pump process, which helps in inducing large refractivity with suppressed absorption or even gain. Consequently, the weak probe beam can be effectively deflected with high diffraction efficiency, and, meanwhile, its energy is amplified. When using an intensity mask with two symmetric domains in the coupling field, the presented blazed grating provides the possibility of a symmetric beam splitter. The diffraction efficiency and diffraction order of the gratings are sensitive to the intensity of the coupling field, and, thus, the gratings can function as a tunable asymmetric beam splitter or a beam router, which distributes the probe field into different spatial directions. Therefore, the proposed scheme may have potential applications in optical communication and networking.