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Acta Physica Sinica

Dynamic characteristics of Tl-2212 bicrystal Josephson junctions on SrTiO3 substrates and the effect of noise on it

Wang Zheng, Yue Hong-Wei, Zhou Tie-Ge, Xinjie Zhao, He Ming, Xie Qing-lian, Fang Lan, Yan Shao-lin, (1)南开大学信息技术科学学院电子系，天津 300071; (2)南开大学信息技术科学学院电子系，天津 300071；广西师范学院物理与电子信息科学系，南宁 530001

Published Jan 1, 2009• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Tl-2212 bicrystal Josephson junctions on SrTiO3 substrates have been fabricated. The I-V characteristic of a Josephson junction under microwave radiation were measured，and microwave induced steps were observed in accordance with the Josephson frequency-voltage relationship. The RCSJ model including noise of bicrystal Josephson junction was constructed through numerical simulation，and the results of simulation were in good agreement with the experimental data. Using the RCSJ model，we investigated the effect of noise on the dynamic characteristics of Josephson junction through simulation，and explained the phenomenon of reduced height and increased breadth of the minima of microwave induced steps. We proposed that the effective noise temperature should be the sum of operational temperature and equivalent temperature of the external noise.

DOI
10.7498/aps.58.7216

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Tl-2212 bicrystal Josephson junctions on SrTiO3 substrates have been fabricated. The I-V characteristic of a Josephson junction under microwave radiation were measured，and microwave induced steps were observed in accordance with the Josephson frequency-voltage relationship. The RCSJ model including noise of bicrystal Josephson junction was constructed through numerical simulation，and the results of simulation were in good agreement with the experimental data. Using the RCSJ model，we investigated the effect of noise on the dynamic characteristics of Josephson junction through simulation，and explained the phenomenon of reduced height and increased breadth of the minima of microwave induced steps. We proposed that the effective noise temperature should be the sum of operational temperature and equivalent temperature of the external noise.
I-V characteristics of Josephson junction (JJ) under microwave irradiation is simulated taking the resistance, capacitance and inductance of the junction (RCLSJ) into account. Since most of the JJ made with high TC material operates at high temperature where the thermal fluctuation is playing significant role. In the present simulation, thermal noise is also taken into consideration and simulated result explains the rounding behaviour of the Shapiro step observed in the experimental I-V curve. The simulated results also confirm the growing of Shapiro steps with increasing microwave power. This model also clearly account for the appearance of broad minima and reduction of the maxima in the power dependence of the step amplitude ΔIn/2Ic as observed in the experimental data of Kautz et al. (1992).
Following a method proposed by Divin and Modovets [Sov. Tech. Phys. Lett. 9, 108 (1983)], we have measured at millimeter waveband the intrinsic noise temperatures TN of YBa2Cu3O7−δ Josephson junctions or dc superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs) fabricated on SrTiO3, yttria-stabilized ZrO2, or Si bicrystal substrates. Over wide ranges of physical temperatures TP and the junction’s normal resistance RN, it was found that TN follows TP pretty well. This indicates that the intrinsic noise in the devices is dominated by Johnson noise. TN was also measured in cases where there is external magnetic field applied, or where there is another microwave radiation like the local oscillator in a mixer. The magnetic field or microwave radiation does not seem to affect TN in any appreciable way. To estimate the high frequency performance of the junctions on Si bicrystal substrates, direct irradiation by a far infrared laser at 1.81 THz is carried out and the clear first Shapiro step is observed.
We have fabricated an artificial BaPb1- x Bi x O3 grain boundary tunnel junction on a SrTiO3 bicrystal substrate. Current-voltage characteristics exhibit supercurrent and quasi-particle tunneling which is commonly observed for superconductor-insulator-superconductor (SIS) type junctions. A Shapiro step is observed for a junction with a large area under microwave radiation. On the other hand, microwave-induced dc voltages at zero bias current are observed for a narrow junction. This dependence on the junction width indicates that generation of the microwave-induced voltages is related to normal resistance or capacitance of a junction.
The microwave response properties of Bi 2 Sr 2 CaCu 2 O 8+x long intrinsic Josephson junctions have been experimentally and theoretically investigated. We fabricated a mesa structure consisting of 14 junctions, 50 μm long and 4 μm wide, and observed the microwave-induced steps in the I-V characteristics under irradiation with microwaves in the range 5–8 GHz. The step voltages were proportional to the square root of the microwave power, implying that the steps were produced by the motion of fluxons created by the microwaves. The Josephson frequency corresponding to the maximum step voltage was estimated to be 570 GHz. The step voltage decreased with increasing temperature, which can be explained by the decrease of the Swihart velocity. We performed a numerical simulation using coupled sine-Gordon equations and obtained a power dependence of the step voltage similar to the experimental result, and demonstrated standing waves of electric fields with in-phase plasma oscillation in all the junctions. These facts suggest that the steps observed in the experiment were produced by plasma resonance excited by the external microwaves.
For Josephson bicrystal YBaCuO junctions 3-1.5 μ\muμm in size, the response to an external signal was measured. Receivers with similar IcRNI_{c}R_{N}Ic​RN​ values at helium temperatures and different RNvalues were considered. The amplitudes of the Shapiro steps were measured for various external signal powers. The dependence of the output voltage noise on structure temperature was measured. It is shown that fluctuations of the critical current have the greatest influence on the output noise of the receiver. The volt-watt sensitivity and noise-equivalent power were evaluated for a 165 GHz external signal. Broadband classical detection of THz radiation by a YBaCuO Josephson junction (JJ) was studied based on resistively and capacitively shunted Josephson Junction model. Optimal temperature operating ranges for the use of each structure were shown.
We report the circuit simulations and experiments of millimeter-wave radiation from a high temperature superconducting (HTS) bicrystal Josephson junction (BJJ) array. To study the effects of junction characteristic parameters on radiation properties, new radiation circuit models are proposed in this paper. The series resistively and capacitively shunted junction (RCSJ) models are packaged into a Josephson junction array (JJA) model in the simulation. The current-voltage characteristics (IVCs) curve and radiation peaks are simulated and analyzed by circuit models, which are also observed from the experiment at liquid nitrogen temperature. The experimental radiation linewidth and power are in good agreement with simulated results. The presented circuit models clearly demonstrate that the inconsistency of the JJA will cause a broad linewidth and a low detected power. The junction radiation properties are also investigated at the optimal situation by circuit simulation. The results further confirm that the consistent JJA characteristic parameters can successfully narrow the radiation linewidth and increase the power of junction radiation.