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IEEE All-Russian Microwave Conference (RMC)

Influence of YBaCuO Josephson Junction Parameters on the Characteristics of a Broadband Detector

Ekaterina A. Matrozova, Alexey E. Parafin, Dmitry V. Masterov, L. S. Revin, Sergey A. Pavlov

Published Nov 23, 2022• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

For Josephson bicrystal YBaCuO junctions 3-1.5 $\mu$m in size, the response to an external signal was measured. Receivers with similar $I_{c}R_{N}$ values at helium temperatures and different RNvalues were considered. The amplitudes of the Shapiro steps were measured for various external signal powers. The dependence of the output voltage noise on structure temperature was measured. It is shown that fluctuations of the critical current have the greatest influence on the output noise of the receiver. The volt-watt sensitivity and noise-equivalent power were evaluated for a 165 GHz external signal. Broadband classical detection of THz radiation by a YBaCuO Josephson junction (JJ) was studied based on resistively and capacitively shunted Josephson Junction model. Optimal temperature operating ranges for the use of each structure were shown.

DOI
10.1109/rmc55984.2022.10079648

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•Jan 1, 2004•0 citations
For Josephson bicrystal YBaCuO junctions 3-1.5 μ\muμm in size, the response to an external signal was measured. Receivers with similar IcRNI_{c}R_{N}Ic​RN​ values at helium temperatures and different RNvalues were considered. The amplitudes of the Shapiro steps were measured for various external signal powers. The dependence of the output voltage noise on structure temperature was measured. It is shown that fluctuations of the critical current have the greatest influence on the output noise of the receiver. The volt-watt sensitivity and noise-equivalent power were evaluated for a 165 GHz external signal. Broadband classical detection of THz radiation by a YBaCuO Josephson junction (JJ) was studied based on resistively and capacitively shunted Josephson Junction model. Optimal temperature operating ranges for the use of each structure were shown.
For Josephson bicrystal YBaCuO junctions 3–1.5 µm in size, the response to an external signal with a frequency of 165 GHz was measured. Receivers with similar ICRN values at helium temperatures and different RN values were chosen for the study. The amplitudes of the Shapiro steps were measured for various external signal powers and sample temperatures. The dependence of the output voltage noise on the operating point, temperature, and external signal power was measured. It is shown that fluctuations of the critical current have the greatest influence on the output noise of the receiver. The volt-watt responsivity and noise-equivalent power were evaluated for a 165 GHz external signal. The experimental results are compared with numerical calculations based on the model of a resistive-capacitive shunted Josephson junction. Optimal temperature operating ranges for the use of each structure were shown.
Modeling of a broadband receiving system based on a meander series of Josephson YBaCuO grain boundary junctions integrated into a log-periodic antenna was carried out. The electromagnetic properties of the system, namely amplitude–frequency characteristic, beam pattern, and fraction of the absorbed power in each Josephson junction were investigated. Based on the obtained results, a numerical simulation of one-dimensional arrays was carried out. The dc characteristics of the detector were calculated, that is, current–voltage characteristic, responsivity, noise, and noise-equivalent power (NEP) for a 250 GHz external signal. The optimal number of junctions to obtain the minimum NEP was found. The use of a series of junctions allows one to increase the responsivity by a factor of 2.5, the NEP value by a factor of 1.5, and the power dynamic range by a factor of 5. For typical YBaCuO Josephson junctions fabricated on a ZrYO bicrystal substrate by magnetron deposition, the following parameters were obtained at a temperature of 77 K: responsivity = 9 kV/W; NEP = 3·10−13 W/Hz(1/2); power dynamic range = 1·106.
Detection mechanisms in Josephson junctions with energies Ej comparable to thermal energies kT have been studied. The responses ΔV of YBa2Cu3O7−x bicrystal junctions to monochromatic radiation with frequencies f ranging from 94 GHz to 3.1 THz can be described in terms of classical rectification on a static nonlinear V–I curve at low frequencies and frequency modulation of the ac Josephson current at high frequencies, with an interplay between these mechanisms at intermediate frequencies. An electrical noise-equivalent power of (9 ± 3) × 10−15 W/Hz1/2, a responsivity of (3.4 ± 0.5) × 105 V/W, and a dynamic power range of 5 × 104 have been demonstrated for the square-law classical detection of 94 GHz radiation with the junctions at 50 K. The effect of background radiation on the V–I curves of YBa2Cu3O7−x bicrystal junctions was found to have an optical noise-equivalent temperature of ≤30 mK/Hz1/2. The main contribution to the effect comes from the interplay between the classical and Josephson detection mechanisms. The spectral and power dependencies of the responses ΔV of Josephson junctions have been numerically simulated within the resistively shunted junction model at various values of kT/Ej, and the results are in acceptable agreement with the experimental data.
A Josephson quasioptical detector comprising YBaCuO junction on bicrystal MgO substrate, integrated log-periodic Au antenna, MgO extended hyperhemisphere lens attached to the substrate and 1.4 GHz cold amplifier with cold circulator has been designed, fabricated and experimentally studied. We fabricated several integrated Josephson junctions 1-2 /spl mu/m wide which at 4.2 K demonstrate RSJ IV curves with critical currents 100-300 /spl mu/A and normal resistance of 10-20 /spl Omega/. The noise temperature (T/sub N/) at 4.2 K and 330 GHz measured by a hot/cold load method in fundamental mixing mode with external BWO local oscillator brings T/sub N/=1100 K for the junction shunted by low-inductance resistive shunt and T/sub N/=1400 K without shunting. At bath temperatures of 20-40 K the noise temperature was in the range 1500-3000 K, at 50 K the noise temperature was below 2000 K, and at 60-70 K increased over 3000 K in the frequency range 310-586 GHz. The noise temperatures measured in the self-pumping mode vary between 580-2300 K with dc bias in the range 0.1-0.5 mV. The linewidth of Josephson oscillations has been extracted from a selective detector response and IF noise voltage dependence. The measured excess noise can be attributed to shot noise and multiple Andreev reflection in pinholes with Ss'S structure. We observed small subharmonic steps in IV curve and noise dependencies, which are typical for SNS junctions.
For sensitive wideband spectroscopy at THz frequencies with performance better than for Fourier Transform Spectrometer, one needs a wide-range electrically tunable, narrow linewidth THz source, and a sensitive broadband detector. To obtain a low noise level of sensor we use a superconducting normal metal cold electron bolometer (CEB). A voltage response of the bolometer is 4.108 V/W and an amplifier-limited technical noise equivalent power of the bolometer is 1.25.10-17 W/Hz1/2. The wide band electrically tuned terahertz band cryogenic oscillator is a Josephson junction. Contrary to conventional Josephson junctions based on niobium, and naturally limited in frequency by energy gap of about 700 GHz, the high critical temperature YBaCuO junctions can extend this limit by an order of magnitude. At 4 K such oscillators can radiate at frequencies exceeding 2 THz. Signals received by bolometers integrated with double-dipole and log-periodic antennas and irradiated by the Josephson oscillator show in our experiments the high frequency response corresponding to an oscillation frequency of up to 1.75 THz. Such cryogenic terahertz network analyzer is suitable for low-signal spectral evaluation of cryogenic detectors, quasioptical sub-mm cryogenic filters, planar antennas with planar microwave filters, integrated structures comprising such elements, and arrays of cryogenic receivers.