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Optics and Spectroscopy

Dynamic amplification and generation of entangled polaritons in doped media

Alexei V. Prokhorov, Igor O. Barinov, Sergei M Arakelyan

Published Sep 1, 2012• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

We have developed a theory that describes the formation of probe-field polaritons under the conditions of strong coupling in the Raman Λ-scheme interaction in a Y 2 SiO 5 crystal doped with 59 Pr atoms. The threshold optical pump power for efficient amplification of the probe-field polaritons in a medium consisting of three-level atoms is determined. The onset of strong nonclassical correlations (entanglement) between the light- and dark-state polaritons at the near-threshold pump power is established.

DOI
10.1134/s0030400x12080139

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We have developed a theory that describes the formation of probe-field polaritons under the conditions of strong coupling in the Raman Λ-scheme interaction in a Y 2 SiO 5 crystal doped with 59 Pr atoms. The threshold optical pump power for efficient amplification of the probe-field polaritons in a medium consisting of three-level atoms is determined. The onset of strong nonclassical correlations (entanglement) between the light- and dark-state polaritons at the near-threshold pump power is established.
We developed a semiclassical theory of polariton excitations for the Λ-scheme of interaction realized in an yttrium orthosilicate crystal doped with Pr 59 atoms. The threshold optical pump power for efficient amplification of the probefield polaritons in a medium consisting of three-level atoms is determined. At the near-threshold conditions in the system the appearance of strong non-classical correlations (entanglement) between light and dark polaritons, similar to generation of biphotons in optics is predicted.
A theory of formation of Stokes field (Raman) polaritons, which arise due to the coherent stimulated Raman scattering of light in an ensemble of three-level atoms placed in a Fabry-Perot cavity in the case of a strong coupling regime, is developed. The dispersion and absorption properties of Raman polaritons are investigated and the conditions for polariton amplification are found. It is shown that for certain pump power values, nonclassical correlations (entanglement) between light and dark polaritons are observed in the system.
The cross-interaction effects for a two-mode light pulse in an optical matrix doped with atoms that are resonant with the light in the presence of two control optical pump pulses (M scheme) have been analyzed. The fundamental possibility of effective generation of polarization-squeezed light in this system at a simultaneous nonlinear amplification of the probe field is shown. The optimal conditions for generating polarization-squeezed light in a doped optical fiber are found for different problem parameters.
We present a theoretical scheme to study optical cavity quantum electrodynamics using dark-state polaritons. Exploiting the highly tunable lifetimes of the photons in the form of cavity dark-state polaritons, we push the strong coupling of single optical photons to an effective two-level emitter in a Rydberg-blockade atomic ensemble to an unprecedented regime. The resulting Jaynes--Cummings model with extremely strong coupling is of fundamental interest. We discuss applications in controlled quantum Rabi oscillation, nonlinear spectroscopy of the Jaynes-Cummings ladder, as well as the generation of nonclassical states, all based on light-matter interactions in the optical domain.
Coupling light to Rydberg states of atoms under conditions of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) leads to the formation of interacting quasiparticles, termed Rydberg polaritons. We derive a one-dimensional model describing the time evolution of these polaritons under paraxial propagation conditions. Specifically, we obtain a master equation governing the dynamics of Rydberg polaritons and identify conditions when it can essentially be described by an effective Hamiltonian of a single-species polariton. We verify this Hamiltonian by numerical two-excitation simulations. Under typical stationary EIT conditions it is impossible to reach the strongly interacting regime where long-range density-density correlations emerge. In contrast, by employing the time dependence of the control field the regime of strong interactions can be reached where the polaritons attain quasicrystalline order. We provide a physical explanation for the differences between stationary and time-dependent schemes.