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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE

Generation of entangled polaritons in doped media

Igor O. Barinov, Alexei V. Prokhorov, Sergei M Arakelyan

Published May 8, 2013• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We developed a semiclassical theory of polariton excitations for the Λ-scheme of interaction realized in an yttrium orthosilicate crystal doped with Pr 59 atoms. The threshold optical pump power for efficient amplification of the probefield polaritons in a medium consisting of three-level atoms is determined. At the near-threshold conditions in the system the appearance of strong non-classical correlations (entanglement) between light and dark polaritons, similar to generation of biphotons in optics is predicted.

DOI
10.1117/12.2017733

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We developed a semiclassical theory of polariton excitations for the Λ-scheme of interaction realized in an yttrium orthosilicate crystal doped with Pr 59 atoms. The threshold optical pump power for efficient amplification of the probefield polaritons in a medium consisting of three-level atoms is determined. At the near-threshold conditions in the system the appearance of strong non-classical correlations (entanglement) between light and dark polaritons, similar to generation of biphotons in optics is predicted.
We have developed a theory that describes the formation of probe-field polaritons under the conditions of strong coupling in the Raman Λ-scheme interaction in a Y 2 SiO 5 crystal doped with 59 Pr atoms. The threshold optical pump power for efficient amplification of the probe-field polaritons in a medium consisting of three-level atoms is determined. The onset of strong nonclassical correlations (entanglement) between the light- and dark-state polaritons at the near-threshold pump power is established.
A theory of formation of Stokes field (Raman) polaritons, which arise due to the coherent stimulated Raman scattering of light in an ensemble of three-level atoms placed in a Fabry-Perot cavity in the case of a strong coupling regime, is developed. The dispersion and absorption properties of Raman polaritons are investigated and the conditions for polariton amplification are found. It is shown that for certain pump power values, nonclassical correlations (entanglement) between light and dark polaritons are observed in the system.
The cross-interaction effects for a two-mode light pulse in an optical matrix doped with atoms that are resonant with the light in the presence of two control optical pump pulses (M scheme) have been analyzed. The fundamental possibility of effective generation of polarization-squeezed light in this system at a simultaneous nonlinear amplification of the probe field is shown. The optimal conditions for generating polarization-squeezed light in a doped optical fiber are found for different problem parameters.
The propagation of light in strongly coupled atomic media takes place through the formation of polaritons-hybrid quasiparticles resulting from a superposition of an atomic and a photonic excitation. Here we consider the propagation under the condition of electromagnetically induced transparency and show that a novel many-body phenomenon can appear due to strong, dissipative interactions between the polaritons. Upon increasing the photon-pump strength, we find a first-order transition between an opaque phase with strongly broadened polaritons and a transparent phase where a long-lived polariton branch with highly tunable occupation emerges. Across this nonequilibrium phase transition, the transparency window is reconstructed via nonlinear interference effects induced by the dissipative polariton interactions. Our predictions are based on a systematic diagrammatic expansion of the nonequilibrium Dyson equations which can be controlled, even in the nonperturbative regime of large single-atom cooperativities, provided the polariton interactions are sufficiently long-ranged. Such a regime can be reached in photonic crystal waveguides thanks to the tunability of interactions, allowing us to observe the interaction-induced transparency transition even at low polariton densities.
A master equation approach for the description of dark-state polaritons in coherently driven atomic media is presented. This technique provides a description of light-matter interactions under conditions of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) that is well suited for the treatment of polariton losses. The master equation approach allows us to describe general polariton-polariton interactions that may be conservative, dissipative, or a mixture of both. In particular, it enables us to study dissipation-induced correlations as a means for the creation of strongly correlated polariton systems. Our technique reveals a loss mechanism for stationary-light polaritons that has not been discussed so far. We find that polariton losses in level configurations with nondegenerate ground states can be a multiple of those in level schemes with degenerate ground states.