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Optics and Spectroscopy

Generation of polarization-squeezed light in doped resonant media

G. A. Burmakin, Mikhail Yu. Gubin, Alexei V. Prokhorov, Sergei M Arakelyan

Published Jul 1, 2010• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The cross-interaction effects for a two-mode light pulse in an optical matrix doped with atoms that are resonant with the light in the presence of two control optical pump pulses (M scheme) have been analyzed. The fundamental possibility of effective generation of polarization-squeezed light in this system at a simultaneous nonlinear amplification of the probe field is shown. The optimal conditions for generating polarization-squeezed light in a doped optical fiber are found for different problem parameters.

DOI
10.1134/s0030400x10070052

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The cross-interaction effects for a two-mode light pulse in an optical matrix doped with atoms that are resonant with the light in the presence of two control optical pump pulses (M scheme) have been analyzed. The fundamental possibility of effective generation of polarization-squeezed light in this system at a simultaneous nonlinear amplification of the probe field is shown. The optimal conditions for generating polarization-squeezed light in a doped optical fiber are found for different problem parameters.
Bright squeezed light can be generated in optical fibers utilizing the Kerr effect for ultrashort laser pulses. However, pulse propagation in a fiber is subject to nonconservative effects that deteriorate the squeezing. Here, we analyze two-mode polarization squeezing, which is SU(2)-invariant, robust against technical perturbations, and can be generated in a polarization-maintaining fiber. We perform a rigorous numerical optimization of the process and the pulse parameters using our advanced model of quantum pulse evolution in the fiber that includes various nonconservative effects and real fiber data. Numerical results are consistent with experimental results.
We propose a new scheme of photon-number squeezed light generation using a nonlinear polarization interferometer which is constructed by the cascade connection of two polarization-maintaining fibers. Since it is possible to generate photon-number squeezed light by only passing an optical pulse through an optical fiber without spatial alignment, it is expected that the squeezed light can easily and stably be generated in this scheme. The magnitude of maximum squeezing in the numerical analysis is estimated to be about -13 dB. Since the arbitrary dividing ratio and two outputs can be obtained by merely turning the half-wave plates on the input and output side, photon-number squeezed light can be generated for the broad input and output power ranges.
It is shown that generation of quadrature-squeezed states of a vector electromagnetic field in which quantum fluctuations in one of the quadrature components are smaller than in the coherent state can occur in cubically nonlinear media (birefringent fibers) with efficient energy transfer between the polarization modes of the field. It is shown that for certain distributions of the initial total power between modes, light with suppressed quantum fluctuations in both polarization modes of the vector field is formed at the fiber exit. The optimal conditions for obtaining quadrature-squeezed light are determined. New analytical expressions are obtained for the degree of squeezing in the two polarization modes in the case when there is no energy transfer between the polarization components of the field propagating in the fiber (eigenmodes of two-wave mixing).
Abstract Squeezed light is one of the resources of photonic quantum technology. Among the various nonlinear interactions capable of generating squeezing, the optical Kerr effect is particularly easy‐to‐use. A popular venue is to generate polarization squeezing, which is a special self‐referencing variant of two‐mode squeezing. To date, polarization squeezing generation setups have been very sensitive to fluctuations of external factors and have required careful tuning. In this work, a development of a new all‐fiber setup for polarization squeezing generation is reported. The setup consists of passive elements only and is simple, robust, and stable. More than 5 dB of directly measured squeezing is obtained over long periods of time without any need for adjustments. Thus, the new scheme provides a robust and easy‐to‐set‐up way of obtaining squeezed light applicable to different applications. The impact of pulse duration and pulse power on the degree of squeezing is investigated.
Results of study of nonlinear processes occurring during the propagation of light pulses in optical fibers doped with atoms of rare-earth elements under conditions of atomic coherence and interference are presented. For a three-level Λ scheme of interaction, the linear (χ (1) ) and nonlinear (χ (3) ) susceptibilities of such a medium are calculated. It is shown that the coefficients of Kerr nonlinearity and nonlinear absorption can reach extremely large values and can be negative. The competition between linear and nonlinear processes in the Λ scheme allows one to obtain compensation regimes when the coefficients of dispersion or absorption of the optical fiber material vanish. The efficient control of the optical properties of such a system over wide limits proves to be possible owing to variations in the parameters of light pulses at the input of the medium. The necessary conditions for realizing regimes with “slow” light, as well as for self-compression of a probing pulse on ultimately small spatial scales in a doped optical fiber, were obtained.
We have developed a theory that describes the formation of probe-field polaritons under the conditions of strong coupling in the Raman Λ-scheme interaction in a Y 2 SiO 5 crystal doped with 59 Pr atoms. The threshold optical pump power for efficient amplification of the probe-field polaritons in a medium consisting of three-level atoms is determined. The onset of strong nonclassical correlations (entanglement) between the light- and dark-state polaritons at the near-threshold pump power is established.