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Quantum Electronics

Spectrum of an anti-Stokes Raman ion laser in Λ-schemes with various level parameters

Sergey A. Babin, Sergey I. Kablukov, Sergey M Kobtsev, Vladimir V. Potapov, Dmitry V. Churkin

Published May 31, 2002• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The dependence of the Raman-laser output power in a standing-wave mode on the pump frequency located near the resonance with ionic levels is studied. The emission spectra in two Λ-schemes of Ar II with different lifetimes of the final levels are compared. In the scheme with a long-lived final state, a sharp peak with an amplitude exceeding the amplitude of a broad contour by a factor of 1.5 — 2 is observed at the exact resonance, whereas no spectral features are observed near the resonance in the scheme with a short-lived final level. The effect is analysed within the framework of a model taking into account the Coulomb scattering of ions. It is shown that the peak forms due to a difference in the broadening of the Bennett structures in the population distribution of the operating levels over velocities. In the second Λ-scheme, the contribution of the final level is small in amplitude, and a sharp peak in the spectrum disappears in accordance with the predictions of the model.

DOI
10.1070/qe2002v032n05abeh002218

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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE•Jun 16, 2004•0 citations
The dependence of the Raman-laser output power in a standing-wave mode on the pump frequency located near the resonance with ionic levels is studied. The emission spectra in two Λ-schemes of Ar II with different lifetimes of the final levels are compared. In the scheme with a long-lived final state, a sharp peak with an amplitude exceeding the amplitude of a broad contour by a factor of 1.5 — 2 is observed at the exact resonance, whereas no spectral features are observed near the resonance in the scheme with a short-lived final level. The effect is analysed within the framework of a model taking into account the Coulomb scattering of ions. It is shown that the peak forms due to a difference in the broadening of the Bennett structures in the population distribution of the operating levels over velocities. In the second Λ-scheme, the contribution of the final level is small in amplitude, and a sharp peak in the spectrum disappears in accordance with the predictions of the model.
Summary form only given. A CW anti-Stokes Raman laser (ASRL) in ionic system enables up-conversion of high efficiency and large frequency shift. In a /spl Lambda/-system, the pump radiation of frequency /spl omega//sub p/ is converted into a Raman laser output of frequency /spl omega/ in the process of resonant interaction with ionic levels. Various schemes in ArII system with a metastable start level n and a short-lived final level l have been studied previously . Here we report on realization of ASRL in ArII system with long-lived final level 4s'/sup 2/D/sub 5/2/ having a lifetime comparable with that for start metastable level 3d'/sup 2/G/sub 9/2/.
Continuous-wave generation of the anti-Stokes Raman laser is demonstrated in the new $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ scheme Ar\mathrm{Ar}Ar II ${3d}^{\ensuremath{'}}{}^{2}{G}_{9/2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{4p}^{\ensuremath{'}}{}^{2}{F}_{7/2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{4s}^{\ensuremath{'}}{}^{2}{D}_{5/2}$ with quasimetastable initial and final levels. Red pump radiation with wavelength ${\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{p}=611 \mathrm{nm}$ from a dye laser that excites transition ${3d}^{\ensuremath{'}}{}^{2}{G}_{9/2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{4p}^{\ensuremath{'}}{}^{2}{F}_{7/2}$ is converted into the blue radiation at $\ensuremath{\lambda}=461 \mathrm{nm}$ ${(4p}^{\ensuremath{'}}{}^{2}{F}_{7/2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{4s}^{\ensuremath{'}}{}^{2}{D}_{5/2})$ with efficiency of about 3030%.30 The tunability range spans more than 20 GHz around exact resonance, which is five times broader than the Doppler contour. The output frequency $\ensuremath{\omega}$ is found to depend linearly on the frequency ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{p}$ of the pump field: $\ensuremath{\omega}\ensuremath{\simeq}{\ensuremath{\omega}}_{p}{\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{p}/\ensuremath{\lambda}.$ A sharp peak of output power is observed in the spectral profile at the exact resonance instead of the well-known two-photon dip. The model is proposed that includes ionic scattering in plasma and interaction of the running pump and standing output waves. The theory offers an interpretation of the observed peak.
Continuous-wave generation of an anti-Stokes Raman laser on a number of blue-green argon-ion lines (4p-4s and 4p-3d) has been demonstrated with optical pumping from metastable levels 3d∣IH2{3\mathrm{d}}^{|\mathrm{I}\mathrm{H}2}3d∣IH2G and 3d4{3\mathrm{d}}^{4}3d4F. It is found that the population transfer rate is increased by a factor of 3--5 (and hence the output power of the Raman laser) owing to Coulomb diffusion in the velocity space. The excitation and relaxation rates for the metastable level have been measured. The Bennett hole on the metastable level has been recorded using the probe field technique. It has been shown that Coulomb diffusion changes the shape of the contour to an exponential cusplike profile. Its width exceeds the Lorentzian one by 100 times and is close to the Doppler width. Such a giant broadening is also confirmed by the shape of the absorption saturation curve.
The Coulomb broadening of a magneto-optical resonance of degenerate two-level ions in the field of a standing wave is calculated. Under the conditions of linear polarisation of this wave, of the normal Zeeman effect, and of weak saturation, the broadening is described by familiar expressions for multistage and two-photon resonances in separate three-level subsystems and the coefficients in these expressions depend on the angular momenta. The profile of a nonlinear resonance in the dependence of the output power of a single-frequency Zeeman ionic laser on the applied magnetic field consists of a narrow central interference peak, a wide diffusion part, and Lorentzian wings. It is shown that, in the case of a broad lower active level, the J → J+1 transitions are more favourable for the observation of a two-photon resonance and the relative amplitude of the resonance is not less than 2/7.
We have investigated the spectral modification of the Raman Stokes line in the cavity version of Raman scattering where a three-level system in the \ensuremath{\Lambda} configuration interacts with an externally driven pump mode and a Stokes mode in a cavity. Anti-Stokes modes are eliminated by the cavity-resonance condition. At very low intensities the spectrum consists of a single-peak structure (Raman Stokes) that splits into a doublet when the external pump field is sufficiently intense so that the effective Rabi frequency exceeds the rate of spontaneous emission. At very high intensity, however, a triplet structure appears where the strong sidebands are symmetrically separated from the central weak band.
In spite of fast evolution of the solid-state and fiber lasers, argon ion lasers remain to be the most powerful sources of short-wave CW radiation with high spatial coherence. At the same time, the active media of argon ion lasers -- low-temperature plasma -- is a good object for study nonlinear spectroscopic phenomena. In this work, the Autler-Townes doublet corresponding to the field splitting of ionic energy levels and the peak of EIT (electromagnetically induced transparency) induced by high-power radiation of the single-frequency argon argon laser have been studied. The effects are observed in the absorption spectrum at adajacent transition in 3-level Λ-scheme of ArII by probe-field technique. In the argon-laser plasma the shape of the EIT resonance is influenced by ion-ion Coulomb scattering. It leads to a broadening of resonant structures that is added to the field broadening. The measured EIT peak appears about 1.5 times wider than theoretical one taking into account corresponding power broadening. It is shown that the 1.5 times difference is due to the Coulomb broadening.