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arXiv:atom-ph/9603006 · Physical Review A

Giant Coulomb broadening and Raman lasing in ionic transitions

A. A. Apolonsky, Sergey A. Babin, Alexander I. Chernykh, Sergey I. Kablukov, S. Khorev, Evgeniy V. Podivilov, David A. Shapiro

Published Jan 1, 1997• 8 citations
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Abstract

Continuous-wave generation of an anti-Stokes Raman laser on a number of blue-green argon-ion lines (4p-4s and 4p-3d) has been demonstrated with optical pumping from metastable levels ${3\mathrm{d}}^{|\mathrm{I}\mathrm{H}2}$G and ${3\mathrm{d}}^{4}$F. It is found that the population transfer rate is increased by a factor of 3--5 (and hence the output power of the Raman laser) owing to Coulomb diffusion in the velocity space. The excitation and relaxation rates for the metastable level have been measured. The Bennett hole on the metastable level has been recorded using the probe field technique. It has been shown that Coulomb diffusion changes the shape of the contour to an exponential cusplike profile. Its width exceeds the Lorentzian one by 100 times and is close to the Doppler width. Such a giant broadening is also confirmed by the shape of the absorption saturation curve.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.55.661

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Optics Letters•Dec 12, 2013•80 citations
Continuous-wave generation of an anti-Stokes Raman laser on a number of blue-green argon-ion lines (4p-4s and 4p-3d) has been demonstrated with optical pumping from metastable levels 3d∣IH2{3\mathrm{d}}^{|\mathrm{I}\mathrm{H}2}3d∣IH2G and 3d4{3\mathrm{d}}^{4}3d4F. It is found that the population transfer rate is increased by a factor of 3--5 (and hence the output power of the Raman laser) owing to Coulomb diffusion in the velocity space. The excitation and relaxation rates for the metastable level have been measured. The Bennett hole on the metastable level has been recorded using the probe field technique. It has been shown that Coulomb diffusion changes the shape of the contour to an exponential cusplike profile. Its width exceeds the Lorentzian one by 100 times and is close to the Doppler width. Such a giant broadening is also confirmed by the shape of the absorption saturation curve.
Continuous-wave generation of the anti-Stokes Raman laser is demonstrated in the new $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ scheme Ar\mathrm{Ar}Ar II ${3d}^{\ensuremath{'}}{}^{2}{G}_{9/2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{4p}^{\ensuremath{'}}{}^{2}{F}_{7/2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{4s}^{\ensuremath{'}}{}^{2}{D}_{5/2}$ with quasimetastable initial and final levels. Red pump radiation with wavelength ${\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{p}=611 \mathrm{nm}$ from a dye laser that excites transition ${3d}^{\ensuremath{'}}{}^{2}{G}_{9/2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{4p}^{\ensuremath{'}}{}^{2}{F}_{7/2}$ is converted into the blue radiation at $\ensuremath{\lambda}=461 \mathrm{nm}$ ${(4p}^{\ensuremath{'}}{}^{2}{F}_{7/2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{4s}^{\ensuremath{'}}{}^{2}{D}_{5/2})$ with efficiency of about 3030%.30 The tunability range spans more than 20 GHz around exact resonance, which is five times broader than the Doppler contour. The output frequency $\ensuremath{\omega}$ is found to depend linearly on the frequency ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{p}$ of the pump field: $\ensuremath{\omega}\ensuremath{\simeq}{\ensuremath{\omega}}_{p}{\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{p}/\ensuremath{\lambda}.$ A sharp peak of output power is observed in the spectral profile at the exact resonance instead of the well-known two-photon dip. The model is proposed that includes ionic scattering in plasma and interaction of the running pump and standing output waves. The theory offers an interpretation of the observed peak.
The dependence of the Raman-laser output power in a standing-wave mode on the pump frequency located near the resonance with ionic levels is studied. The emission spectra in two Λ-schemes of Ar II with different lifetimes of the final levels are compared. In the scheme with a long-lived final state, a sharp peak with an amplitude exceeding the amplitude of a broad contour by a factor of 1.5 — 2 is observed at the exact resonance, whereas no spectral features are observed near the resonance in the scheme with a short-lived final level. The effect is analysed within the framework of a model taking into account the Coulomb scattering of ions. It is shown that the peak forms due to a difference in the broadening of the Bennett structures in the population distribution of the operating levels over velocities. In the second Λ-scheme, the contribution of the final level is small in amplitude, and a sharp peak in the spectrum disappears in accordance with the predictions of the model.
In spite of fast evolution of the solid-state and fiber lasers, argon ion lasers remain to be the most powerful sources of short-wave CW radiation with high spatial coherence. At the same time, the active media of argon ion lasers -- low-temperature plasma -- is a good object for study nonlinear spectroscopic phenomena. In this work, the Autler-Townes doublet corresponding to the field splitting of ionic energy levels and the peak of EIT (electromagnetically induced transparency) induced by high-power radiation of the single-frequency argon argon laser have been studied. The effects are observed in the absorption spectrum at adajacent transition in 3-level Λ-scheme of ArII by probe-field technique. In the argon-laser plasma the shape of the EIT resonance is influenced by ion-ion Coulomb scattering. It leads to a broadening of resonant structures that is added to the field broadening. The measured EIT peak appears about 1.5 times wider than theoretical one taking into account corresponding power broadening. It is shown that the 1.5 times difference is due to the Coulomb broadening.
Summary form only given. A CW anti-Stokes Raman laser (ASRL) in ionic system enables up-conversion of high efficiency and large frequency shift. In a /spl Lambda/-system, the pump radiation of frequency /spl omega//sub p/ is converted into a Raman laser output of frequency /spl omega/ in the process of resonant interaction with ionic levels. Various schemes in ArII system with a metastable start level n and a short-lived final level l have been studied previously . Here we report on realization of ASRL in ArII system with long-lived final level 4s'/sup 2/D/sub 5/2/ having a lifetime comparable with that for start metastable level 3d'/sup 2/G/sub 9/2/.
We present a theoretical and experimental study of the time evolution of the saturation-spectroscopy line shape when the saturating beam is suddenly switched on. We consider two metastable levels coupled by two Doppler-broadened transitions with a common excited level. In this special case, the fast transients from the upper level are rapidly damped, and the slow transients from populations and from Raman coherence in the metastable levels are easy to observe and are used for studying the collisional relaxation. For the sake of clarity, the theoretical analysis is developed according to a perturbation calculation. Nevertheless, saturation of the metastable levels must be taken into account in a more realistic theory (velocity-selective optical pumping): We give only a few results that are in excellent agreement with the experiments performed on neon metastable levels 3P0 and 3P2.
Pulsed lasing from optically pumped rare gas metastable atoms (Ne, Ar, Kr, and Xe) has been demonstrated previously. The laser relies on a three-level scheme, which involves the (n+1)p[5/2](3) and (n+1)p[1/2](1) states from the np(5)(n+1)p electronic configuration and the metastable (n+1)s[3/2](2) level of the np(5)(n+1)s configuration (Racah notation). Population inversions were achieved using relaxation from ((n+1)p[5/2](3) to (n+1)p[1/2](1) induced by collisions with helium or argon at pressures near 1 atm. Pulsed lasing was easily achieved using the high instantaneous pump intensities provided by a pulsed optical parametric oscillator excitation laser. In the present study we examine the potential for the development of a continuous wave (CW) optically pumped Ar laser. We report lasing of the 4p[1/2](1)→4s[3/2](2) (912.547 nm) transition following CW diode laser excitation of the 4p[5/2](3)←4s[3/2](2) line (811.754 nm). A pulsed discharge was used to generate Ar 4s[3/2](2), and the time-resolved lasing kinetics provide insights concerning the radiative and collisional relaxation processes.