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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics

Resonant peak in detuning curve of ionic anti-Stokes Raman laser

Sergey A. Babin, Sergey I. Kablukov, S. Khorev, Evgeniy V. Podivilov, Vladimir V. Potapov, М. Г. Степанов, David A. Shapiro

Published Aug 29, 2005• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Summary form only given. A CW anti-Stokes Raman laser (ASRL) in ionic system enables up-conversion of high efficiency and large frequency shift. In a /spl Lambda/-system, the pump radiation of frequency /spl omega//sub p/ is converted into a Raman laser output of frequency /spl omega/ in the process of resonant interaction with ionic levels. Various schemes in ArII system with a metastable start level n and a short-lived final level l have been studied previously . Here we report on realization of ASRL in ArII system with long-lived final level 4s'/sup 2/D/sub 5/2/ having a lifetime comparable with that for start metastable level 3d'/sup 2/G/sub 9/2/.

DOI
10.1109/iqec.2000.908179

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IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics•Jun 1, 1982•12 citations
Summary form only given. A CW anti-Stokes Raman laser (ASRL) in ionic system enables up-conversion of high efficiency and large frequency shift. In a /spl Lambda/-system, the pump radiation of frequency /spl omega//sub p/ is converted into a Raman laser output of frequency /spl omega/ in the process of resonant interaction with ionic levels. Various schemes in ArII system with a metastable start level n and a short-lived final level l have been studied previously . Here we report on realization of ASRL in ArII system with long-lived final level 4s'/sup 2/D/sub 5/2/ having a lifetime comparable with that for start metastable level 3d'/sup 2/G/sub 9/2/.
The dependence of the Raman-laser output power in a standing-wave mode on the pump frequency located near the resonance with ionic levels is studied. The emission spectra in two Λ-schemes of Ar II with different lifetimes of the final levels are compared. In the scheme with a long-lived final state, a sharp peak with an amplitude exceeding the amplitude of a broad contour by a factor of 1.5 — 2 is observed at the exact resonance, whereas no spectral features are observed near the resonance in the scheme with a short-lived final level. The effect is analysed within the framework of a model taking into account the Coulomb scattering of ions. It is shown that the peak forms due to a difference in the broadening of the Bennett structures in the population distribution of the operating levels over velocities. In the second Λ-scheme, the contribution of the final level is small in amplitude, and a sharp peak in the spectrum disappears in accordance with the predictions of the model.
Continuous-wave generation of the anti-Stokes Raman laser is demonstrated in the new $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ scheme Ar\mathrm{Ar}Ar II ${3d}^{\ensuremath{'}}{}^{2}{G}_{9/2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{4p}^{\ensuremath{'}}{}^{2}{F}_{7/2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{4s}^{\ensuremath{'}}{}^{2}{D}_{5/2}$ with quasimetastable initial and final levels. Red pump radiation with wavelength ${\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{p}=611 \mathrm{nm}$ from a dye laser that excites transition ${3d}^{\ensuremath{'}}{}^{2}{G}_{9/2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{4p}^{\ensuremath{'}}{}^{2}{F}_{7/2}$ is converted into the blue radiation at $\ensuremath{\lambda}=461 \mathrm{nm}$ ${(4p}^{\ensuremath{'}}{}^{2}{F}_{7/2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{4s}^{\ensuremath{'}}{}^{2}{D}_{5/2})$ with efficiency of about 3030%.30 The tunability range spans more than 20 GHz around exact resonance, which is five times broader than the Doppler contour. The output frequency $\ensuremath{\omega}$ is found to depend linearly on the frequency ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{p}$ of the pump field: $\ensuremath{\omega}\ensuremath{\simeq}{\ensuremath{\omega}}_{p}{\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{p}/\ensuremath{\lambda}.$ A sharp peak of output power is observed in the spectral profile at the exact resonance instead of the well-known two-photon dip. The model is proposed that includes ionic scattering in plasma and interaction of the running pump and standing output waves. The theory offers an interpretation of the observed peak.
The anti-Stokes Raman laser process is an interesting method for frequency upconversion and generation of tunable UV radiation. This method requires no index matching and allows high-conversion efficiencies and output energies and large frequency shifts in a single step. A basic requirement is a population inversion between a metastable level and a suitable lower-lying level. So far anti- Stokes laser emission has been demonstrated using the metastable TI (6P3/2). l(5P1/2). and Br (4P1/2) levels, where a population inversion with respect to the corresponding atomic ground states has been generated by photodissociation of suitable compounds.1-3 For the Tl system efficiencies of 10 % and output energies of ~1 mJ (at 377 nm) have been reported,1 and with Br a shortest wavelength of 149 nm was possible by upconversion of 157.5-nm radiation of a F2 laser.3
Continuous-wave generation of an anti-Stokes Raman laser on a number of blue-green argon-ion lines (4p-4s and 4p-3d) has been demonstrated with optical pumping from metastable levels 3d∣IH2{3\mathrm{d}}^{|\mathrm{I}\mathrm{H}2}3d∣IH2G and 3d4{3\mathrm{d}}^{4}3d4F. It is found that the population transfer rate is increased by a factor of 3--5 (and hence the output power of the Raman laser) owing to Coulomb diffusion in the velocity space. The excitation and relaxation rates for the metastable level have been measured. The Bennett hole on the metastable level has been recorded using the probe field technique. It has been shown that Coulomb diffusion changes the shape of the contour to an exponential cusplike profile. Its width exceeds the Lorentzian one by 100 times and is close to the Doppler width. Such a giant broadening is also confirmed by the shape of the absorption saturation curve.