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NEW PULSED AND CW ANTI-STOKES RAMAN LASERS

B. Wellegehausen, Alfred O. Feitisch, H. Welling

Published Jul 18, 1988• 0 citations
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Abstract

For the generation of coherent radiation at short wavelengths, the non-parametric anti-Stokes Raman laser (ASRL-) process represents an interesting alternative to primary laser techniques or conventional nonlinear methods. The process requires a λ-type three level scheme (Fig. 1) and allows frequency up-shifting of pump radiation vp into anti-Stokes radiation vAS.

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•Jun 18, 1984•0 citations
For the generation of coherent radiation at short wavelengths, the non-parametric anti-Stokes Raman laser (ASRL-) process represents an interesting alternative to primary laser techniques or conventional nonlinear methods. The process requires a λ-type three level scheme (Fig. 1) and allows frequency up-shifting of pump radiation vp into anti-Stokes radiation vAS.
The anti-Stokes Raman laser process is an interesting method for frequency upconversion and generation of tunable UV radiation. This method requires no index matching and allows high-conversion efficiencies and output energies and large frequency shifts in a single step. A basic requirement is a population inversion between a metastable level and a suitable lower-lying level. So far anti- Stokes laser emission has been demonstrated using the metastable TI (6P3/2). l(5P1/2). and Br (4P1/2) levels, where a population inversion with respect to the corresponding atomic ground states has been generated by photodissociation of suitable compounds.1-3 For the Tl system efficiencies of 10 % and output energies of ~1 mJ (at 377 nm) have been reported,1 and with Br a shortest wavelength of 149 nm was possible by upconversion of 157.5-nm radiation of a F2 laser.3
Summary form only given. A CW anti-Stokes Raman laser (ASRL) in ionic system enables up-conversion of high efficiency and large frequency shift. In a /spl Lambda/-system, the pump radiation of frequency /spl omega//sub p/ is converted into a Raman laser output of frequency /spl omega/ in the process of resonant interaction with ionic levels. Various schemes in ArII system with a metastable start level n and a short-lived final level l have been studied previously . Here we report on realization of ASRL in ArII system with long-lived final level 4s'/sup 2/D/sub 5/2/ having a lifetime comparable with that for start metastable level 3d'/sup 2/G/sub 9/2/.
Continuous-wave generation of the anti-Stokes Raman laser is demonstrated in the new $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ scheme Ar\mathrm{Ar}Ar II ${3d}^{\ensuremath{'}}{}^{2}{G}_{9/2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{4p}^{\ensuremath{'}}{}^{2}{F}_{7/2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{4s}^{\ensuremath{'}}{}^{2}{D}_{5/2}$ with quasimetastable initial and final levels. Red pump radiation with wavelength ${\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{p}=611 \mathrm{nm}$ from a dye laser that excites transition ${3d}^{\ensuremath{'}}{}^{2}{G}_{9/2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{4p}^{\ensuremath{'}}{}^{2}{F}_{7/2}$ is converted into the blue radiation at $\ensuremath{\lambda}=461 \mathrm{nm}$ ${(4p}^{\ensuremath{'}}{}^{2}{F}_{7/2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{4s}^{\ensuremath{'}}{}^{2}{D}_{5/2})$ with efficiency of about 3030%.30 The tunability range spans more than 20 GHz around exact resonance, which is five times broader than the Doppler contour. The output frequency $\ensuremath{\omega}$ is found to depend linearly on the frequency ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{p}$ of the pump field: $\ensuremath{\omega}\ensuremath{\simeq}{\ensuremath{\omega}}_{p}{\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{p}/\ensuremath{\lambda}.$ A sharp peak of output power is observed in the spectral profile at the exact resonance instead of the well-known two-photon dip. The model is proposed that includes ionic scattering in plasma and interaction of the running pump and standing output waves. The theory offers an interpretation of the observed peak.
Introduction Over the past several decades there has been growing interest in the development of devices for optical wavelength conversion. In Raman converters, a long-wavelength Stokes input is in the presence of a pump transformed into a short-wavelength anti-Stokes output via a Raman-resonant third-order nonlinear process called coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) [1]. In Kerr-based parametric converters, a signal input is in the presence of a pump converted to an idler output via the third-order nonlinear process of non-resonant four-wave-mixing (FWM) [2]. Both types of conversion can occur in silicon waveguides, and as such have great potential for application in optical communication systems.
This work concerns the demonstration of the feasibility of the tuning and perhaps even stimulation of nuclear radiation. Theory1–3 has indicated that anti-Stokes Raman up- conversion of intense but conventional long-wavelength sources of radiation produced by scattering from isomeric states of nuclear excitation could lead to significant sources of tunable γ radiation characterized by the natural Mossbauer width of the lines. This would result in lines with sub-angstrom wavelengths and widths of a few megahertz. Further computations4 have suggested that this type of coherent, as well as a new type of incoherent, optical pumping could even lead to appreciable levels of inversion of the population of nuclear levels that would be capable of supporting the growth of stimulated γ-ray intensity. Whether these processes can reach threshold depends on the resolution of basic issues lying in an interdisciplinary region between quantum electronics and nuclear physics that have not been previously addressed.