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Tunable Radiation Generated at Wavelengths below 1 Å by Anti-Stokes Scattering from Nuclear Levels

C. B. Collins, Brett D DePaola

Published Jun 18, 1984• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

This work concerns the demonstration of the feasibility of the tuning and perhaps even stimulation of nuclear radiation. Theory1–3 has indicated that anti-Stokes Raman up- conversion of intense but conventional long-wavelength sources of radiation produced by scattering from isomeric states of nuclear excitation could lead to significant sources of tunable γ radiation characterized by the natural Mossbauer width of the lines. This would result in lines with sub-angstrom wavelengths and widths of a few megahertz. Further computations4 have suggested that this type of coherent, as well as a new type of incoherent, optical pumping could even lead to appreciable levels of inversion of the population of nuclear levels that would be capable of supporting the growth of stimulated γ-ray intensity. Whether these processes can reach threshold depends on the resolution of basic issues lying in an interdisciplinary region between quantum electronics and nuclear physics that have not been previously addressed.

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Tunable Sub-Angstrom Radiation Generated by Anti-Stokes Scattering from Nuclear Levels

C. B. Collins, Brett D DePaola

This work concerns the demonstration of the feasibility of the tuning and perhaps even stimulation of nuclear radiation. Theory [1-3] has indicated that anti-Stokes Raman upconversion of intense but conventional long wavelength sources of radiation produced by scattering from isomeric states of nuclear excitation could lead to significant sources of tunable y-radiation characterized by the natural Mössbauer width of the lines. This would result in lines with sub-Angstrom wavelengths and widths of a few MHz. Further computations [4] have suggested that this type of coherent, as well as a new type of incoherent, optical pumping could even lead to appreciable levels of inversion of the population of nuclear levels that would be capable of supporting the growth of stimulated y-ray intensity. Whether or not these processes can reach threshold depends upon the resolution of basic issues lying in an interdisciplinary region between quantum electronics and nuclear physics that have not been previously addressed. It was the purpose of this work to study these issues experimentally.

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The resonance anti-Stokes conversion of broadband X-ray radiation to stimulated gamma radiation of free isomer nuclei is considered. The conversion involves the two-quantum transition from the initial long-lived isomer state of a nucleus via an intermediate level to the final state located below the isomer state. The quantum-mechanical calculation of the cross section for resonance stimulated anti-Stokes scattering involving quanta of the different multipolarity yields the estimate of the gain of stimulated gamma radiation in a nuclear beam with the spectrally local inversion and the estimate of the threshold spectral density of the X-ray pump radiation flux.

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Tunable sub-angstrom radiation generated by anti-stokes scattering from nuclear levels

C. B. Collins, Brett D DePaola

It was the intent of this work to use states of nuclear excitation in order to demonstrate coherent multiphoton processes that were the analogs of well‐known effects occurring at optical frequencies. Success in exciting radiofrequency sum and difference frequency sidebands on hyperfine components of the Mössbauer transition of 57Fe near 0.086 nm is described. The transition energy of those sidebands was shown to be tunable over five line‐widths by varying the radiofrequency component of the sum. A model is proposed that quantitatively explains these results in terms of coherently excited nuclear states and evidentally confirms the multiphoton nature of the process.

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Excitation of Nuclei and Atoms Trapping in Optical Fields of High Intensity

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This report results from a contract tasking Moscow State University as follows: Exploration of methods to control the radiative gamma- processes in nuclei is currently one of the most promising investigation directions of the modern Quantum Nucleonics - a new realm of contemporary Physics which spreads the basic conceptual ideas and methods of optical Quantum Electronics of atoms and molecules to the gamma-ray range and atomic nuclei and even anti-particles. One of the most important problems in this field is the generation of coherent gamma-radiation by a Gamma-ray Lasing (GRL) process which makes use of excited nuclei as an amplifying medium. The most likely medium for gamma-ray lasers is an ensemble of metastable nuclear isomers, Direct excitation of these isomeric states by electrons or X-ray photons will also create a deeper understanding of nuclear structure and properties.

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Stimulated anti-Stokes Raman scattering in inverted atomic selenium

Raymond C. Y. Auyeung, D. G. Cooper, B. J. Feldman

The generation of 145.6-nm radiation by stimulated anti-Stokes Raman scattering in inverted atomic selenium was first reported by Ludewigt et al. 1 We have performed experimental studies of this process in similar excitation conditions, which allow us to compare some of the results in the two studies. The inverted population of the selenium (4p4)1S0 metastable state relative to the (4p4)3P0 state was prepared by photodissociation of COSe vapor using broadband 193-nm radiation from an ArF excimer laser. The pump beam at 205.1 nm was generated by the first-order Stokes shift in deuterium of narrowband (0.27-cm–1), 193-nm radiation from a separate, tunable ArF laser. The pump beam was tuned near the selenium (4p4)1S0–(4p35s)3P1 intermediate resonance to generate tunable, coherent radiation at 145.6 nm. We have studied the process in a variety of experimental conditions. Factors affecting the conversion efficiency and tunability include the initial COSe pressure, the intensities and relative timing of the photolyzing and pump beams, and the presence of buffer gases. The experimental results are compared with theoretical calculations based on a recently developed three-level model2 which incorporates Doppler broadening and arbitrary decay times.

Annual Meeting Optical Society of America•Jan 1, 1989•0 citations
This work concerns the demonstration of the feasibility of the tuning and perhaps even stimulation of nuclear radiation. Theory1–3 has indicated that anti-Stokes Raman up- conversion of intense but conventional long-wavelength sources of radiation produced by scattering from isomeric states of nuclear excitation could lead to significant sources of tunable γ radiation characterized by the natural Mossbauer width of the lines. This would result in lines with sub-angstrom wavelengths and widths of a few megahertz. Further computations4 have suggested that this type of coherent, as well as a new type of incoherent, optical pumping could even lead to appreciable levels of inversion of the population of nuclear levels that would be capable of supporting the growth of stimulated γ-ray intensity. Whether these processes can reach threshold depends on the resolution of basic issues lying in an interdisciplinary region between quantum electronics and nuclear physics that have not been previously addressed.
This work concerns the demonstration of the feasibility of the tuning and perhaps even stimulation of nuclear radiation. Theory [1-3] has indicated that anti-Stokes Raman upconversion of intense but conventional long wavelength sources of radiation produced by scattering from isomeric states of nuclear excitation could lead to significant sources of tunable y-radiation characterized by the natural Mössbauer width of the lines. This would result in lines with sub-Angstrom wavelengths and widths of a few MHz. Further computations [4] have suggested that this type of coherent, as well as a new type of incoherent, optical pumping could even lead to appreciable levels of inversion of the population of nuclear levels that would be capable of supporting the growth of stimulated y-ray intensity. Whether or not these processes can reach threshold depends upon the resolution of basic issues lying in an interdisciplinary region between quantum electronics and nuclear physics that have not been previously addressed. It was the purpose of this work to study these issues experimentally.
The resonance anti-Stokes conversion of broadband X-ray radiation to stimulated gamma radiation of free isomer nuclei is considered. The conversion involves the two-quantum transition from the initial long-lived isomer state of a nucleus via an intermediate level to the final state located below the isomer state. The quantum-mechanical calculation of the cross section for resonance stimulated anti-Stokes scattering involving quanta of the different multipolarity yields the estimate of the gain of stimulated gamma radiation in a nuclear beam with the spectrally local inversion and the estimate of the threshold spectral density of the X-ray pump radiation flux.
It was the intent of this work to use states of nuclear excitation in order to demonstrate coherent multiphoton processes that were the analogs of well‐known effects occurring at optical frequencies. Success in exciting radiofrequency sum and difference frequency sidebands on hyperfine components of the Mössbauer transition of 57Fe near 0.086 nm is described. The transition energy of those sidebands was shown to be tunable over five line‐widths by varying the radiofrequency component of the sum. A model is proposed that quantitatively explains these results in terms of coherently excited nuclear states and evidentally confirms the multiphoton nature of the process.
This report results from a contract tasking Moscow State University as follows: Exploration of methods to control the radiative gamma- processes in nuclei is currently one of the most promising investigation directions of the modern Quantum Nucleonics - a new realm of contemporary Physics which spreads the basic conceptual ideas and methods of optical Quantum Electronics of atoms and molecules to the gamma-ray range and atomic nuclei and even anti-particles. One of the most important problems in this field is the generation of coherent gamma-radiation by a Gamma-ray Lasing (GRL) process which makes use of excited nuclei as an amplifying medium. The most likely medium for gamma-ray lasers is an ensemble of metastable nuclear isomers, Direct excitation of these isomeric states by electrons or X-ray photons will also create a deeper understanding of nuclear structure and properties.
The generation of 145.6-nm radiation by stimulated anti-Stokes Raman scattering in inverted atomic selenium was first reported by Ludewigt et al. 1 We have performed experimental studies of this process in similar excitation conditions, which allow us to compare some of the results in the two studies. The inverted population of the selenium (4p4)1S0 metastable state relative to the (4p4)3P0 state was prepared by photodissociation of COSe vapor using broadband 193-nm radiation from an ArF excimer laser. The pump beam at 205.1 nm was generated by the first-order Stokes shift in deuterium of narrowband (0.27-cm–1), 193-nm radiation from a separate, tunable ArF laser. The pump beam was tuned near the selenium (4p4)1S0–(4p35s)3P1 intermediate resonance to generate tunable, coherent radiation at 145.6 nm. We have studied the process in a variety of experimental conditions. Factors affecting the conversion efficiency and tunability include the initial COSe pressure, the intensities and relative timing of the photolyzing and pump beams, and the presence of buffer gases. The experimental results are compared with theoretical calculations based on a recently developed three-level model2 which incorporates Doppler broadening and arbitrary decay times.