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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE

Coulomb broadening of electromagnetically-induced transparency peak in CW argon ion laser

Sergei A Babin, Dmitry V. Churkin, Vladimir V. Potapov

Published Jun 16, 2004• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In spite of fast evolution of the solid-state and fiber lasers, argon ion lasers remain to be the most powerful sources of short-wave CW radiation with high spatial coherence. At the same time, the active media of argon ion lasers -- low-temperature plasma -- is a good object for study nonlinear spectroscopic phenomena. In this work, the Autler-Townes doublet corresponding to the field splitting of ionic energy levels and the peak of EIT (electromagnetically induced transparency) induced by high-power radiation of the single-frequency argon argon laser have been studied. The effects are observed in the absorption spectrum at adajacent transition in 3-level Λ-scheme of ArII by probe-field technique. In the argon-laser plasma the shape of the EIT resonance is influenced by ion-ion Coulomb scattering. It leads to a broadening of resonant structures that is added to the field broadening. The measured EIT peak appears about 1.5 times wider than theoretical one taking into account corresponding power broadening. It is shown that the 1.5 times difference is due to the Coulomb broadening.

DOI
10.1117/12.558468

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In spite of fast evolution of the solid-state and fiber lasers, argon ion lasers remain to be the most powerful sources of short-wave CW radiation with high spatial coherence. At the same time, the active media of argon ion lasers -- low-temperature plasma -- is a good object for study nonlinear spectroscopic phenomena. In this work, the Autler-Townes doublet corresponding to the field splitting of ionic energy levels and the peak of EIT (electromagnetically induced transparency) induced by high-power radiation of the single-frequency argon argon laser have been studied. The effects are observed in the absorption spectrum at adajacent transition in 3-level Λ-scheme of ArII by probe-field technique. In the argon-laser plasma the shape of the EIT resonance is influenced by ion-ion Coulomb scattering. It leads to a broadening of resonant structures that is added to the field broadening. The measured EIT peak appears about 1.5 times wider than theoretical one taking into account corresponding power broadening. It is shown that the 1.5 times difference is due to the Coulomb broadening.
We have measured the shape of the Autler-Townes doublet and the peak of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) under plasma conditions. We compare the experimental results with the calculated spectrum of the probe field of a three-level ArII Λ-scheme by taking into account Coulomb collisions. We show that the Coulomb broadening of the EIT peak is small (less than 40%), while the saturation resonance is broadened under the experimental conditions by a factor of 3. In contrast to the saturation resonance attributable to the Bennett dip in the velocity distribution of the population, the EIT peak is a coherent effect and is broadened mainly through Coulomb dephasing.
We present an electromagnetically induced transparency and Aulter-Townes (EIT-AT) spectrum of a Rydberg three-level atom that is dressed with a microwave field in a room-temperature cesium cell. The EIT is a quantum coherent effect produced by the interaction of atoms with electromagnetic waves, which leads to the decrease of the absorption for a weak resonant probe laser. AT splitting refers to the phenomenon, that the absorption line splits when an electromagnetic field that is in resonance or near resonance acts on the transition of atoms. Rydberg atoms are extremely sensitive to an external electric field due to their large polarizabilities and microwave transition dipole moments, which can be used to measure the external field. In this work, a Rydberg three-level EIT is used to detect Rydberg atom and AT splitting induced by the microwave field. Cesium levels 6S1/2, 6P3/2 and 50S1/2 constitute a Rydberg three-level system, in which a weak probe laser locking to the transition from 6S1/2 to 6P3/2 couples ground-state transition and the strong coupling laser resonates on the Rydberg transition from 6P2/3 to 50S1/2. The two Rydberg levels 50S1/2 and 50P1/2 are coupled with the microwave field at a frequency of 30.852 GHz, leading to the AT splitting of EIT line and forming an EIT-AT spectrum, which is used to measure the electric field amplitude of microwave. In order to further study the EIT-AT splitting characteristics of the Rydberg levels, we carry out a series of measurements by changing the microwave field. The experimental results show a broadened EIT-AT signal for the weak field range and the four-peak spectrum for the strong field, which is attributed to the inhomogeneity of the microwave field. The microwave in cesium cell, emitted by a function generator, shows inhomogeneous behavior such that the atoms interacting with the laser field experience the different fields, leading to the line broadened and multi-peak EIT-AT spectra. For the microwave transition of nS1/2-nP1/2 in this paper, a pair of EIT-AT lines should be obtained for an electric field value. The broadening of the EIT-AT spectrum and the multi-peak structure here are due to the inhomogeneity of the microwave field measurement. We propose a method to increase the spatial resolution by reducing the length of cesium cell. The result in this work provides a method of measuring the field amplitude and monitoring the distribution of microwave electric field, meanwhile the spatial resolution of the measurements can be improved by reducing the size of the cell.
Coherent preparation of quantum states of atoms and ions by laser light can lead to electromagnetically induced transparency and related effects. In particular, the standing wave at the adjacent transition induces a new type of nonlinear resonance in the probe-field spectrum of a three-level system. The resonance is due to the effect of high-order harmonics of atomic coherence. However, the resonance is broadened and the reason of the broadening was unclear. The paper describes how the velocity changing collisions broaden the resonance. The analytic theory taking into account up to 4-th order of the perturbation theory is presented. The numerical calculations are described. The analytical formulas are shown to describe the experiment qualitatively while the numerical computation demonstrates quantitative agreement. The Coulomb dephasing is discussed as the physical mechanism of the broadening.
Coherent preparation of quantum states of atoms and ions by laser light can lead to electromagnetically induced transparency and related effects. In particular, the standing wave at the adjacent transition induces a new type of nonlinear resonance in the probe-field spectrum of a three-level system. The resonance is due to the effect of high- order harmonics of atomic coherence. However, the resonance is broadened in experiment and the reason of the broadening was unclear. The paper describes how the velocity changing collisions broaden the resonance. The analytic theory taking into account up to 4-th order of the perturbation theory is presented. The numerical solution of density matrix equations is discussed. The analytical formulas are shown to describe the experiment qualitatively while the numerical computation demonstrates quantitative agreement. The Coulomb dephasing is shown to be the physical mechanism of the broadening.
We report an experimental observation of Autler-Townes doublet splitting in electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) resonance. The splitting is introduced by a coherent microwave field, which perturbs a three-level A-type EIT system through an auxiliary level. The doublet splitting of EIT resonance is demonstrated in two cases, where the microwave field shares a common lower level with coupled or probe transition, respectively. The dependence of doublet splitting on microwave field intensity and detuning is measured. This may provide a feasible way of manipulating the atomic states with both laser and microwave field.
Summary form only given. It is well known that strong resonant laser radiation can significantly modify absorption and emission spectra of matter, producing such features, as the Autler-Towns doublet, the dark resonance, etc. Laser fluctuations, which are often inevitable, usually tend to smear out the field-induced spectral features. Here, however, we show that in an experimental scheme, usually used to obtain electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT), intensity fluctuations of a strong coupling field can induce a narrow peak in the probe absorption spectrum.