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Optics Letters

Quasi-phase-matched frequency doubling in a waveguide of a 1560-nm diode laser and locking to the rubidium D_2 absorption lines

Vered Mahal, Mark A. Arbore, M. M. Fejer, Ady Arie

Published Aug 15, 1996• 43 citations
Publisher

Abstract

An external-cavity 1560-nm diode laser was frequency doubled in a 3-cm-long periodically poled LiNbO(3) waveguide doubler with 120% W(-1) conversion efficiency. The 780-nm light was used to detect the D(2) transitions of Rb, and the laser frequency was locked to Doppler-broadened lines of Rb. Furthermore, the ~1 microW of second-harmonic power was sufficient for detecting the sub-Doppler lines of Rb, and the laser was locked to a (87)Rb crossover line.

DOI
10.1364/ol.21.001217

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An external-cavity 1560-nm diode laser was frequency doubled in a 3-cm-long periodically poled LiNbO(3) waveguide doubler with 120% W(-1) conversion efficiency. The 780-nm light was used to detect the D(2) transitions of Rb, and the laser frequency was locked to Doppler-broadened lines of Rb. Furthermore, the ~1 microW of second-harmonic power was sufficient for detecting the sub-Doppler lines of Rb, and the laser was locked to a (87)Rb crossover line.
We experimentally demonstrate efficient frequency doubling of a telecom 1560 nm distributed feedback diode laser with a 3 cm long MgO:PPLN waveguide with a conversion coefficient of 114%/W.We investigate optical inhomogeneities by measuring the quasi-phase-matching temperature curve.The ~2.7 mW of second-harmonic power at 780 nm is sufficient to detect the Rb D 2 features using modulation transfer spectroscopy.The laser frequency is locked to a hyperfine transition of Rb D 2 line and typical residual frequency fluctuation of ±86 kHz (rms) is achieved within 30 min.Our experimental scheme can be used for realizing robust, compact, and highly accurate Rb stabilized 1560 nm laser systems for fiber-optic communication applications.
Improvements in the power level of sources near 1550 nm and in the efficiency of waveguide frequency doublers enabled us to lock a frequency-doubled source directly to the 5S(1/2) ? 5D(5/2) two-photon transitions near 778 nm. We obtained a sufficiently powerful second-harmonic signal, exceeding 2 mW, by doubling an external-cavity diode laser that was amplified by an erbium-doped fiber amplifier in a periodically poled LiNbO(3) channel waveguide. Our experimental scheme can be used for realizing compact, high-performance frequency standards near 1550 nm for fiber-optic communication and sensing applications.
The authors present the result of a study on the realization of an optical frequency standard based on a laser diode frequency-locked to Doppler resonance limited and sub-Doppler resonances of the /sup 87/Rb D/sub 2/-line (5S/sub 1/2/ from or to 5P/sub 3/2/, 780.027 nm). The characteristics of the signals obtained from the resonant phase-conjugate reflection, the nonlinear magnetic optical activity, and the saturated absorption are compared to the characteristics of the linear absorption signal. Improvement of laser diode frequency stability is discussed for these techniques. The experimental results indicate that the more complicated the system, the better defined is the reference line.>
The authors present the result of a study on the realization of an optical frequency standard based on a laser diode frequency-locked to Doppler resonance limited and sub-Doppler resonances of the /sup 87/Rb D/sub 2/-line (5S/sub 1/2/ from or to 5P/sub 3/2/, 780.027 nm). The characteristics of the signals obtained from the resonant phase-conjugate reflection, the nonlinear magnetic optical activity, and the saturated absorption are compared to the characteristics of the linear absorption signal. Improvement of laser diode frequency stability is discussed for these techniques. The experimental results indicate that the more complicated the system, the better defined is the reference line. >
To extend the coherence of quantum transitions for laser locking, as well as increase the compactness and stability of the experimental setup, we propose to utilize photonic integrated resonators with high second-harmonic (SH) generation efficiencies as reliable frequency doublers that link the desired frequencies with the frequency references. In this Letter, a sufficiently strong SH signal up to microwatts was generated by a photonic integrated frequency doubler using a milliwatt infrared (IR) laser source. Furthermore, an increased SH generation bandwidth covering Rb85 and Rb87D2 transition lines, as well as saturated absorption spectroscopy, was demonstrated by tuning the pump power and chip temperature. Here we present, to the best of our knowledge, the first successful locking of an IR laser to Rb saturated absorption lines via a photonic chip frequency doubler.