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IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement

Toward the realization of a wavelength standard at 780 nm based on a laser diode frequency locked to rubidium vapor

M. Têtu, Normand Cyr, Bernard Villeneuve, Sylvain Thériault, Marc Breton, Pierre‐Luc Tremblay

Published Apr 1, 1991• 24 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The authors present the result of a study on the realization of an optical frequency standard based on a laser diode frequency-locked to Doppler resonance limited and sub-Doppler resonances of the /sup 87/Rb D/sub 2/-line (5S/sub 1/2/ from or to 5P/sub 3/2/, 780.027 nm). The characteristics of the signals obtained from the resonant phase-conjugate reflection, the nonlinear magnetic optical activity, and the saturated absorption are compared to the characteristics of the linear absorption signal. Improvement of laser diode frequency stability is discussed for these techniques. The experimental results indicate that the more complicated the system, the better defined is the reference line. >

DOI
10.1109/tim.1990.1032913

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Toward the realization of a wavelength standard at 780 nm based on a laser diode frequency-locked to rubidium vapor

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The authors present the result of a study on the realization of an optical frequency standard based on a laser diode frequency-locked to Doppler resonance limited and sub-Doppler resonances of the /sup 87/Rb D/sub 2/-line (5S/sub 1/2/ from or to 5P/sub 3/2/, 780.027 nm). The characteristics of the signals obtained from the resonant phase-conjugate reflection, the nonlinear magnetic optical activity, and the saturated absorption are compared to the characteristics of the linear absorption signal. Improvement of laser diode frequency stability is discussed for these techniques. The experimental results indicate that the more complicated the system, the better defined is the reference line.>

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TOWARD THE REALIZATION OF A WAVELENGTH STANDARD TO RUBIDIUM VAPOR AT 780 nm BASED ON A LASER DIODE FREQUENCY-LOCKED

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We study Doppler limited and Sub-Doppler spectre scopic techniques to generate optical references from the D2-line (780 nm) of rubidium vapor. The characteristics of the signals obtained from the resonant phase conjugate reflection, the nonlinear magnetic optical activity and the saturated absorption are compared to the linear absorption signal. Improvement of laser diode frequency stability is discussed for these techniques.

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Narrow isolated symmetrical resonance lines are essential to the realization of precise frequency standards. We consider here the use of resonant degenerate four-wave mixing phase conjugate reflection from an atomic vapor as an optical reference for this purpose.1 As shown, this technique leads to a well defined narrow linewidth resonance when applied to a rubidium vapor pumped by a laser diode.

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A robust, compact, highly accurate rubidium optical frequency standard module was developed to overcome the delicate performance of conventional frequency stabilized lasers. A frequency doubled 1560 nm distributed feedback diode laser locked to a rubidium D(2) saturated absorption line without using an optical amplifier was demonstrated, and dithering-free optical output was obtained. In addition, the sensitivity of the developed optical frequency standard to magnetic fields was investigated. We confirmed that the influence of the magnetic fields on the optical frequency standard can be almost negligible when using appropriate magnetic-shield films. As a result, the magnetic-field-insensitive optical frequency standard, which can be embedded in optical systems, exhibiting uncertainty less than at least 100 kHz, was successfully realized for the first time to the best of our knowledge.

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Solitary resonance observed in the saturated absorption spectrum of the 87 Rb D 2 line

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In recent years, much work has been done in experimental studies to frequency lock laser diodes to atomic or molecular resonances.1 By such techniques it is possible to improve greatly the laser frequency stability and to define precisely its nominal value. For laser sources operating in the 0.8-μm range, rubidium is the preferred specie and each isotope offers two resonance lines, one at 780 nm (D2 line) and one at 795 nm (D1 line). Both linear and saturated absorption have been used, and laser frequency charcteristics are published.2,3

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Frequency Stabilization of Diode Laser Using Dichroic-Atomic-Vapor Laser Lock Signals and Thin Rb Vapor Cell

Sayaka Imanishi, U. Tanaka, Shinji Urabe

We report the frequency stabilization of a diode laser by applying the dichroic-atomic-vapor laser lock (DAVLL) method to a thin Rb vapor cell. A 1-mm-long Rb vapor cell is used to obtain a sub-Doppler spectrum that is required for frequency locking, which is easier than in the case of using a saturated absorption spectrometer. A 794-nm diode laser is tuned to the Rb D 1 line, and sub-Doppler signals are observed by introducing a pumping beam and a probe beam in a perpendicular direction. We obtain error signals by subtracting the signals of σ+ polarized beams from that of σ- polarized beams in the presence of a magnetic field and stabilized the 794 nm diode laser frequency without modulating laser parameters. The stability of the 794-nm diode laser is evaluated using other independently stabilized diode laser.

Japanese Journal of Applied Physics•Sep 1, 2005•13 citations
The authors present the result of a study on the realization of an optical frequency standard based on a laser diode frequency-locked to Doppler resonance limited and sub-Doppler resonances of the /sup 87/Rb D/sub 2/-line (5S/sub 1/2/ from or to 5P/sub 3/2/, 780.027 nm). The characteristics of the signals obtained from the resonant phase-conjugate reflection, the nonlinear magnetic optical activity, and the saturated absorption are compared to the characteristics of the linear absorption signal. Improvement of laser diode frequency stability is discussed for these techniques. The experimental results indicate that the more complicated the system, the better defined is the reference line. >
The authors present the result of a study on the realization of an optical frequency standard based on a laser diode frequency-locked to Doppler resonance limited and sub-Doppler resonances of the /sup 87/Rb D/sub 2/-line (5S/sub 1/2/ from or to 5P/sub 3/2/, 780.027 nm). The characteristics of the signals obtained from the resonant phase-conjugate reflection, the nonlinear magnetic optical activity, and the saturated absorption are compared to the characteristics of the linear absorption signal. Improvement of laser diode frequency stability is discussed for these techniques. The experimental results indicate that the more complicated the system, the better defined is the reference line.>
A robust, compact, highly accurate rubidium optical frequency standard module was developed to overcome the delicate performance of conventional frequency stabilized lasers. A frequency doubled 1560 nm distributed feedback diode laser locked to a rubidium D(2) saturated absorption line without using an optical amplifier was demonstrated, and dithering-free optical output was obtained. In addition, the sensitivity of the developed optical frequency standard to magnetic fields was investigated. We confirmed that the influence of the magnetic fields on the optical frequency standard can be almost negligible when using appropriate magnetic-shield films. As a result, the magnetic-field-insensitive optical frequency standard, which can be embedded in optical systems, exhibiting uncertainty less than at least 100 kHz, was successfully realized for the first time to the best of our knowledge.
In recent years, much work has been done in experimental studies to frequency lock laser diodes to atomic or molecular resonances.1 By such techniques it is possible to improve greatly the laser frequency stability and to define precisely its nominal value. For laser sources operating in the 0.8-μm range, rubidium is the preferred specie and each isotope offers two resonance lines, one at 780 nm (D2 line) and one at 795 nm (D1 line). Both linear and saturated absorption have been used, and laser frequency charcteristics are published.2,3
We report the frequency stabilization of a diode laser by applying the dichroic-atomic-vapor laser lock (DAVLL) method to a thin Rb vapor cell. A 1-mm-long Rb vapor cell is used to obtain a sub-Doppler spectrum that is required for frequency locking, which is easier than in the case of using a saturated absorption spectrometer. A 794-nm diode laser is tuned to the Rb D 1 line, and sub-Doppler signals are observed by introducing a pumping beam and a probe beam in a perpendicular direction. We obtain error signals by subtracting the signals of σ+ polarized beams from that of σ- polarized beams in the presence of a magnetic field and stabilized the 794 nm diode laser frequency without modulating laser parameters. The stability of the 794-nm diode laser is evaluated using other independently stabilized diode laser.