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arXiv:1607.08031 · Physical Review A

Dressed-state electromagnetically induced transparency for light storage in uniform-phase spin waves

Nikola Šibalić, Jorge Douglas Massayuki Kondo, Charles S. Adams, Kevin J. Weatherill

Published Sep 21, 2016• 19 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We present, experimentally and theoretically, a scheme for dressed-state electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in a three-step cascade system in which a four-level system is mapped into an effective three-level system. Theoretical analysis reveals that the scheme provides coherent-state control via adiabatic following and a generalized protocol for light storage in uniform phase spin-waves that are insensitive to motional dephasing. The three-step driving enables a number of other features, including spatial selectivity of the excitation region within the atomic medium, and kick-free and Doppler-free excitation that produces narrow resonances in thermal vapor. As a proof of concept, we present an experimental demonstration of the generalized EIT scheme using the $6{S}_{1/2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}6{P}_{3/2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}7{S}_{1/2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}8{P}_{1/2}$ excitation path in thermal cesium vapor. This technique could be applied to cold and thermal ensembles to enable longer storage times for Rydberg polaritons.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.94.033840

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Summary form only given. Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and related phenomena such as lasing without inversion (LWI) are topics of increasing interest in quantum optics. In EIT, an otherwise absorbing medium is made transparent to a weak coherent field on resonance with a certain atomic transition by applying an intense coherent "driving" field to an adjacent transition. There has been a large number of theoretical papers and EIT was demonstrated experimentally. Up to now, most theoretical papers dealing with EIT in gas media have considered only the case of a traveling (TW) driving field. In contrast, we study EIT in Doppler broadened three-level media with standing wave (SW) driving and focus our analysis into the advantages of using a SW driving configuration instead of a TW one when the frequency of the probe field is larger than that of the driving field, i.e., the so-called frequency up-conversion regime.

Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics•Aug 29, 2005•0 citations
We present, experimentally and theoretically, a scheme for dressed-state electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in a three-step cascade system in which a four-level system is mapped into an effective three-level system. Theoretical analysis reveals that the scheme provides coherent-state control via adiabatic following and a generalized protocol for light storage in uniform phase spin-waves that are insensitive to motional dephasing. The three-step driving enables a number of other features, including spatial selectivity of the excitation region within the atomic medium, and kick-free and Doppler-free excitation that produces narrow resonances in thermal vapor. As a proof of concept, we present an experimental demonstration of the generalized EIT scheme using the 6S1/2\ensuremath→6P3/2\ensuremath→7S1/2\ensuremath→8P1/26{S}_{1/2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}6{P}_{3/2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}7{S}_{1/2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}8{P}_{1/2}6S1/2​\ensuremath→6P3/2​\ensuremath→7S1/2​\ensuremath→8P1/2​ excitation path in thermal cesium vapor. This technique could be applied to cold and thermal ensembles to enable longer storage times for Rydberg polaritons.
Electromagnetic induced transparency (EIT) can be produced in a four-level atomic system in the W scheme using a linearly polarized optical field for simultaneously slowing down two $\ensuremath{\sigma}{}^{+}$ and $\ensuremath{\sigma}{}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ circularly polarized optical fields. This four-level atomic system can be set up with a $|{}^{1}{S}_{0}\ensuremath{\rangle}$ ground state and three Zeeman levels of the $|{}^{1}{P}_{1}\ensuremath{\rangle}$ excited state of any alkali-metal atom placed in a weak magnetic field. We apply our W scheme to ultracold magnesium atoms for neglecting the collisional dephasing. Atomic coherences are reported after solving a density matrix master equation including radiative relaxations from Zeeman states of the $|{}^{1}{P}_{1}\ensuremath{\rangle}$ multiplet to the $|{}^{1}{S}_{0}\ensuremath{\rangle}$ ground state. The EIT feature is analyzed using the transit time between the normal dispersive region and the EIT region. The evolution of the EIT feature with the variation of the coupling field is discussed using an intuitive dressed-state representation. We analyze the sensitivity of an EIT feature to pressure broadening of the excited Zeeman states.
Dynamic control of atomic dressing to the highly excited Rydberg state in multilevel systems has special appeals owing to the development of flexible and precise measurement. In this study we develop an experimentally accessible proposal to robustly control the dressing probability via a three-step cascaded excitation with double electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) technique. The system can function as an optical switch where the third addressing laser serving as the control knob can switchably engineer the dressing probability with time. Differing from a conventional two-photon EIT, this scheme facilitates a maximal dressing probability determined by a relative strength between two strong coupling fields, entirely relaxing their absolute values. The collective feature caused by the interactions of a few atoms is also studied leading to an enhanced dressing probability as well as reduced response times. Our work offers the opportunity to a coherent dynamic control of Rydberg excitation and to realize sizable Rydberg-Rydberg interactions in weakly driven multilevel quantum systems.
Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) was observed in a mismatched-wavelength cascade system using a room temperature vapor cell and laser-cooled atoms. A cw probe laser beam monitored the cesium ${6S}_{1/2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{6P}_{3/2}$ transition while another cw laser coupled the 6P3/2{6P}_{3/2}6P3/2​ state to a higher excited state. The ratio of the observed Rabi frequencies for coupling to the ${6P}_{3/2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}(11--{13)D}_{3/2,5/2}$ transitions agreed closely with that predicted using the transition oscillator strengths. A comparison of the EIT signals obtained using cold atoms and the vapor cell is made.
Abstract For multi-level systems in hot atomic vapors the interplay between the Doppler shift due to atomic motion and the wavenumber mismatch between driving laser fields strongly influences transmission and absorption properties of the atomic medium. In a three-level atomic ladder-system, Doppler broadening limits the visibility of electromagnetically-induced transparency (EIT) when the probe and control fields are co-propagating, while EIT is recovered under the opposite condition of counter-propagating geometry and k p < k c , with k p and k c being the wavenumbers of the probe and control fields, respectively. This effect has been studied and experimentally demonstrated as an efficient mechanism to realize non-reciprocal probe light transmission, which may enable applications as magnetic-field free optical isolators. Here, we describe the basics of this effect and discuss a simple picture for the underlying mechanism. We illustrate how the non-reciprocity scales with wavelength mismatch and show how to experimentally demonstrate the effect in a simple Rydberg-EIT system using thermal Rubidium atoms.
Quantum information systems require an interface between photons as a physical system to transport information and atoms which are better suited to store and process it. In this thesis the construction of a novel pulsed, bright and narrow-band light source is presented. It consists of an optical parametric oscillator featuring a periodically poled KTP crystal and a mechanical chopper and produces ?s-pulses of squeezed vacuum. The generated states are resonant to the Rubidium-DI-transition, are almost transform-limited and show more than 3 dB of squeezing. The physical effect of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in hot rubidium vapor can be used to generate ultra-low group velocities and allows for a reversible adiabatic conversion of optical quantum states into collective spin excitations which can be used to stop pulses of light. I report about recent progress in slowing down a pulse of squeezed vacuum by one third of its width while still preserving 0.36 dB of squeezing in the process. I analyze electromagnetically induced transparency and light storage in an ensemble of atoms with multiple excited levels (multi-A configuration) which are coupled to one of the ground states by quantized signal fields and to the other one via classical control fields. A basis transformation of atomic and optical states which reduces the analysis of the system to that of electromagnetically induced transparency in a regular three-level configuration is presented. We demonstrate the existence of dark state polaritons and propose a protocol to transfer quantum information from one optical mode to another by adiabatic control of the control fields and present a proof-of principle experiment to adiabatically transfer light between modes of different frequencies in Rb-87 vapor. To that end a digital phase lock circuit has been designed that allows to electronically phase lock an external-cavity diode laser to a reference laser over a 7 GHz frequency range with sub-Hertz precision.
Summary form only given. Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and related phenomena such as lasing without inversion (LWI) are topics of increasing interest in quantum optics. In EIT, an otherwise absorbing medium is made transparent to a weak coherent field on resonance with a certain atomic transition by applying an intense coherent "driving" field to an adjacent transition. There has been a large number of theoretical papers and EIT was demonstrated experimentally. Up to now, most theoretical papers dealing with EIT in gas media have considered only the case of a traveling (TW) driving field. In contrast, we study EIT in Doppler broadened three-level media with standing wave (SW) driving and focus our analysis into the advantages of using a SW driving configuration instead of a TW one when the frequency of the probe field is larger than that of the driving field, i.e., the so-called frequency up-conversion regime.