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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics

Electromagnetically induced transparency in Doppler-broadened three-level systems with resonant standing wave drive

Fernando Silva, J. Mompart, V. Ahufinger, R. Corbalán

Published Aug 29, 2005• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Summary form only given. Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and related phenomena such as lasing without inversion (LWI) are topics of increasing interest in quantum optics. In EIT, an otherwise absorbing medium is made transparent to a weak coherent field on resonance with a certain atomic transition by applying an intense coherent "driving" field to an adjacent transition. There has been a large number of theoretical papers and EIT was demonstrated experimentally. Up to now, most theoretical papers dealing with EIT in gas media have considered only the case of a traveling (TW) driving field. In contrast, we study EIT in Doppler broadened three-level media with standing wave (SW) driving and focus our analysis into the advantages of using a SW driving configuration instead of a TW one when the frequency of the probe field is larger than that of the driving field, i.e., the so-called frequency up-conversion regime.

DOI
10.1109/iqec.2000.908001

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Summary form only given. Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and related phenomena such as lasing without inversion (LWI) are topics of increasing interest in quantum optics. In EIT, an otherwise absorbing medium is made transparent to a weak coherent field on resonance with a certain atomic transition by applying an intense coherent "driving" field to an adjacent transition. There has been a large number of theoretical papers and EIT was demonstrated experimentally. Up to now, most theoretical papers dealing with EIT in gas media have considered only the case of a traveling (TW) driving field. In contrast, we study EIT in Doppler broadened three-level media with standing wave (SW) driving and focus our analysis into the advantages of using a SW driving configuration instead of a TW one when the frequency of the probe field is larger than that of the driving field, i.e., the so-called frequency up-conversion regime.
We study electromagnetically induced transparency for a probe traveling-wave (TW) laser field in closed Doppler-broadened three-level systems driven by a standing-wave (SW) laser field of moderate intensity (its Rabi frequencies are smaller than the Doppler width of the driven transition). We show that probe windows of transparency occur for values of the probe to drive field frequency ratio R close to half-integer values. For optical transitions and typical values of Doppler broadening for atoms in a vapor cell, we show that for R>1R>1R>1 a SW drive field is appreciably more efficient than a TW drive in inducing probe transparency. As examples, we consider parameters for real cascade schemes in barium atoms with $R\ensuremath{\approx}1.5$ and in beryllium atoms with $R\ensuremath{\approx}3.5$ showing that probe transmission values well above 50% are possible for conditions in which it is almost negligible either without driving field or with only one of the TW components of the drive. We show that a strongly asymmetric drive having two TW components with unequal intensities is even more eficient than a symmetric SW drive in inducing probe transparency. The case of arbitrary probe intensity is also considered.
We study electromagnetically induced transparency for a probe travelling-wave (TW) laser field in closed Doppler-broadened three-level systems driven by a resonant standing-wave (SW) laser field of moderate intensity (its Rabi frequencies are smaller than the Doppler width of the driven transition). We show that probe windows of transparency occur only for values of the probe-to-drive field frequency ratio R close to half-integer values. For optical transitions and typical values of Doppler broadening for atoms in a vapor cell, we show that for R > 1 a SW drive field is appreciably more efficient than a TW driving in inducing probe transparency. As an example, we consider parameters for a real closed cascade scheme in barium atoms with R ≃ 1.5 showing that probe transmission values of 50% are possible for cases in which the transmission is almost negligible either without driving field or with only one of the TW components of the drive.
The absorption and dispersion properties of an N-type four-level system with Doppler(broadening) effect were investigated.In this system we considered two coherent fields and a probe field.When the second coherent field is absent,this system is a single three-level configuration,and the absorption line is just one clear electromagnetically induced transparency(EIT) window.While the second coherent field exists,there are two EIT windows which become wide and deep with the(coherent) intensity increasing.The position width and absorbance of the transparency windows can be manipulated by adjusting the detuning of the driving field.In addition,we also found that the medium shows a large refractive index at each transparency window,and the group velocity of the probe laser can be reduced.
Summary form only given. Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) is a process by which a normally absorbing material is made transparent by application of electromagnetic radiation. It has a number of applications, including lasing without inversion and slow light. We see that the EIT resonances corresponding to the hyperfine levels are either inhibited, or enhanced depending on the position of the hyperfine transitions in relation to the applied rf field. We discuss the role of level splitting (destruction of EIT) and three photon resonance peaks in the resulting spectra. A 2 cm rubidium cell, heated to approximated 60 C is probed with a 780 nm laser.
The propagation of a probe field through a four-level Y-type atomic system is described in the presence of two additional coherent radiation fields, namely, the control field and the coupling field. An expression for the probe response is derived analytically from the optical Bloch equations under steady state condition to study the absorptive properties of the system under probe field propagation through an ensemble of stationary atoms as well as in a Doppler broadened atomic vapor medium. The most striking result is the conversion of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) into electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA) as we start switching from weak probe regime to strong probe regime. The dependence of this conversion on residual Doppler averaging due to wavelength mismatch is also shown by choosing the coupling transition as a Rydberg transition.
Abstract Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in five-level atomic systems is theoretically investigated for three representative configurations: M-, inverted-Y, and K-type systems driven by a weak probe field and three control laser fields. The different coupling schemes produce different quantum interference pathways and two-photon resonance conditions, leading to markedly different EIT spectra. The M-type configuration exhibits one, two, and three well-resolved transparency windows as successive control fields are introduced. In contrast, the inverted-Y configuration produces broader transparency windows because of the overlap of multiple interference channels, whereas the K-type configuration exhibits only a single EIT window when all control fields are resonant. Multiple transparency windows in the K-type system appear after introducing appropriate coupling-field detunings. Doppler broadening at room temperature significantly broadens the absorption spectrum and reduces the transparency depth, while preserving the number and positions of the EIT windows. These results demonstrate that the coupling scheme plays an important role in determining the formation and evolution of multi-window EIT spectra and identify the characteristics of the three five-level configurations for multi-channel quantum-optical applications, as well as for the experimental observation of EIT spectra in five-level configurations.