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Physical Review A

Electromagnetically induced transparency using a vapor cell and a laser-cooled sample of cesium atoms

J. J. Clarke, William Arie van Wijngaarden, Hongxin Chen

Published Jul 18, 2001• 23 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) was observed in a mismatched-wavelength cascade system using a room temperature vapor cell and laser-cooled atoms. A cw probe laser beam monitored the cesium ${6S}_{1/2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{6P}_{3/2}$ transition while another cw laser coupled the ${6P}_{3/2}$ state to a higher excited state. The ratio of the observed Rabi frequencies for coupling to the ${6P}_{3/2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}(11--{13)D}_{3/2,5/2}$ transitions agreed closely with that predicted using the transition oscillator strengths. A comparison of the EIT signals obtained using cold atoms and the vapor cell is made.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.64.023818

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Chinese Physics Letters•Dec 1, 2016•13 citations
Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) was observed in a mismatched-wavelength cascade system using a room temperature vapor cell and laser-cooled atoms. A cw probe laser beam monitored the cesium 6S1/2\ensuremath→6P3/2{6S}_{1/2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{6P}_{3/2}6S1/2​\ensuremath→6P3/2​ transition while another cw laser coupled the 6P3/2{6P}_{3/2}6P3/2​ state to a higher excited state. The ratio of the observed Rabi frequencies for coupling to the 6P3/2\ensuremath→(11−−13)D3/2,5/2{6P}_{3/2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}(11--{13)D}_{3/2,5/2}6P3/2​\ensuremath→(11−−13)D3/2,5/2​ transitions agreed closely with that predicted using the transition oscillator strengths. A comparison of the EIT signals obtained using cold atoms and the vapor cell is made.
Electromagnetically induced transparency is observed in a mismatched-wavelength cascade system with a room-temperature rubidium vapor cell. A cw probe laser beam monitors the 5S(1/2) ? 5P(3/2) transition while another cw laser couples the 5P(3/2) state to a higher excited state. The ratio of the observed Rabi frequencies for coupling to the 5P(3/2) ? 8D(3/2), (5/2) transitions agrees well with that predicted by use of the transition oscillator strengths. Optical switching is demonstrated with an 80-mW coupling laser beam modulated up to 1 MHz.
We present an investigation of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) without Doppler background due to a locked probe laser. The EIT is theoretically studied based on a multilevel ladder-type cesium atomic system 6S1/2{S}_{1/2}S1/2​--6P3/2{P}_{3/2}P3/2​--8S1/2{S}_{1/2}S1/2​ in a room-temperature vapor cell. The experimental results agree with the theoretical calculations. Compared with the traditional EIT spectra with a Doppler profile limiting the spectral resolution for keeping the coupling laser locked and scanning the probe laser, these EIT spectra with the probe laser locked and the coupling laser scanned have a flat background, which seem be of great benefit for applications such as the measurement of hyperfine intervals between excited states, the study of highly excited Rydberg states, laser-frequency stabilization, etc.
We present a laser frequency locking to Rydberg transition with electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) spectra in a room-temperature cesium vapor cell. Cesium levels 6S 1/2 , 6P 3/2 , and the n D 5/2 state, compose a cascade three-level system, where a coupling laser drives Rydberg transition, and probe laser detects the EIT signal. The error signal, obtained by demodulating the EIT signal, is used to lock the coupling laser frequency to Rydberg transition. The laser frequency fluctuation, ∼0.7 MHz, is obtained after locking on, with the minimum Allan variance to be 8.9 × 10 −11 . This kind of locking method can be used to stabilize the laser frequency to the excited transition.
Abstract We study electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in a room-temperature cesium vapor cell using wavelength-modulated probe laser light. In the utilized cascade level scheme, the probe laser drives the lower transition 6 S 1 / 2 ( F = 4) → 6 P 3 / 2 ( F ’ = 5), while the coupling laser drives the Rydberg transition 6 P 3 / 2 → 57 S 1 / 2 . The probe laser has a fixed average frequency and is modulated at a frequency of a few kHz, with a variable modulation amplitude in the range of tens of MHz. The probe transmission is measured as a function of the detuning of the coupling laser from the Rydberg resonance. The first-harmonic demodulated EIT signal has two peaks that are, in the case of large modulation amplitude, separated by the peak-to-peak modulation amplitude of the probe laser times a scaling factor λ p / λ c , where λ p and λ c are the probe- and coupling-laser wavelengths. The scaling factor is due to Doppler shifts in the EIT geometry. Second-harmonic demodulated EIT signals, obtained with small modulation amplitudes, yield spectral lines that are much narrower than corresponding lines in the modulation-free EIT spectra. The resultant spectroscopic resolution enhancement is conducive to improved measurements of radio-frequency (RF) fields based on Rydberg-atom EIT, an approach in which the response of Rydberg atoms to RF fields is exploited to characterize RF fields. Here, we employ wavelength modulation spectroscopy to reduce the uncertainty of atom-based frequency and field measurement of an RF field in the VHF radio band.
Based on the cesium 6S1/2 -6P3/2 -8S1/2 ladder-type system, electromagnetically-induced transparency (EIT) is further investigated in a room-temperature vapor cell. When the probe laser is locked to one of the hyperfine transitions between the ground state 6S1/2 (F=3) and the intermediate state 6P3/2 while the coupling laser scans the transition between the intermediate state 6P3/2 and the excited state 8S1/2, the EIT spectrum has a flat background improving the spectral resolution. The theoretically calculated EIT spectral profiles from a multi-level ladder-type model are consistent well with the obtained experimental phenomena.
Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) is investigated in a system of cold, interacting cesium Rydberg atoms. The utilized cesium levels 6S 1/2 , 6P 3/2 and nD 5/2 constitute a cascade three-level system, in which a coupling laser drives the Rydberg transition, and a probe laser detects the EIT signal on the 6S 1/2 to 6P 3/2 transition. Rydberg EIT spectra are found to depend on the strong interaction between the Rydberg atoms. Diminished EIT transparency is obtained when the Rabi frequency of the probe laser is increased, whereas the corresponding linewidth remains unchanged. To model the system with a three-level Lindblad equation, we introduce a Rydberg-level dephasing rate γ3 = κ × (ρ33/Ω p ) 2 , with a value κ that depends on the ground-state atom density and the Rydberg level. The simulation results are largely consistent with the measurements. The experiments, in which the principal quantum number is varied between 30 and 43, demonstrate that the EIT reduction observed at large Ω p is due to the strong interactions between the Rydberg atoms.