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Applied Optics

Electromagnetically induced transparency and optical switching in a rubidium cascade system

J. J. Clarke, Hongxin Chen, William Arie van Wijngaarden

Published Apr 20, 2001• 64 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Electromagnetically induced transparency is observed in a mismatched-wavelength cascade system with a room-temperature rubidium vapor cell. A cw probe laser beam monitors the 5S(1/2) ? 5P(3/2) transition while another cw laser couples the 5P(3/2) state to a higher excited state. The ratio of the observed Rabi frequencies for coupling to the 5P(3/2) ? 8D(3/2), (5/2) transitions agrees well with that predicted by use of the transition oscillator strengths. Optical switching is demonstrated with an 80-mW coupling laser beam modulated up to 1 MHz.

DOI
10.1364/ao.40.002047

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We report a likely observation of cw lasing without inversion in a gas of hot rubidium atoms in an optical cavity under conditions of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). The medium is pumped coherently and resonantly by a single ``coupling'' beam which also produces EIT in the lasing transition. The steady-state intensity exhibits thresholds as a function of the atomic density and the strength of the coupling beam. A theoretical model for an effective three-level lambda system indicates that gain without inversion is possible in this system if the two ground states are coupled by depolarizing collisions, and if the decay branching ratios meet certain conditions.

arXiv:0806.3993•Physical Review A•Oct 23, 2008•41 citations
Electromagnetically induced transparency is observed in a mismatched-wavelength cascade system with a room-temperature rubidium vapor cell. A cw probe laser beam monitors the 5S(1/2) ? 5P(3/2) transition while another cw laser couples the 5P(3/2) state to a higher excited state. The ratio of the observed Rabi frequencies for coupling to the 5P(3/2) ? 8D(3/2), (5/2) transitions agrees well with that predicted by use of the transition oscillator strengths. Optical switching is demonstrated with an 80-mW coupling laser beam modulated up to 1 MHz.
Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) was observed in a mismatched-wavelength cascade system using a room temperature vapor cell and laser-cooled atoms. A cw probe laser beam monitored the cesium ${6S}_{1/2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{6P}_{3/2}$ transition while another cw laser coupled the 6P3/2{6P}_{3/2}6P3/2​ state to a higher excited state. The ratio of the observed Rabi frequencies for coupling to the ${6P}_{3/2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}(11--{13)D}_{3/2,5/2}$ transitions agreed closely with that predicted using the transition oscillator strengths. A comparison of the EIT signals obtained using cold atoms and the vapor cell is made.
An electromagnetically induced Bragg reflection with a stationary coupling field in an Rb vapor cell with a 6.67 kPa neon buffer gas was studied. When the coupling field was spatially modulated as a stationary wave, a transmission reduction of the probe field was observed, while simultaneously a reflected probe field was detected in the backward direction. Instead of absorbing a fraction of the probe laser in the Rb vapor, the modulated electromagnetically induced transparency medium reflected it, corresponding to a Bragg reflection. The spectrum in the 5S(1/2)-5P(1/2)Lambda-type system of (87)Rb atoms was investigated as a function of the coupling laser frequency detuning, the stationary coupling laser power, the vapor cell temperature, and the coupling laser power ratio.
A comprehensive study of three-photon electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and absorption (EIA) on the rubidium cascade $5{S}_{1/2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}5{P}_{3/2}$ (laser wavelength 780 nm), $5{P}_{3/2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}5{D}_{5/2}$ (776 nm), and $5{D}_{5/2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}28{F}_{7/2}$ (1260 nm) is performed. The 780-nm probe and 776-nm dressing beams are counteraligned through a Rb room-temperature vapor cell, and the 1260-nm coupler beam is co- or counteraligned with the probe beam. Several cases of EIT and EIA, measured over a range of detunings of the 776-nm beam, are studied. The observed phenomena are modeled by numerically solving the Lindblad equation, and the results are interpreted in terms of the probe-beam absorption behavior of velocity- and detuning-dependent dressed states. Interaction-time effects are discussed. To explore the utility of three-photon Rydberg EIA and EIT for microwave electric-field diagnostics, a sub-THz field generated by a signal source and a frequency quadrupler is applied to the Rb cell. The 100.633-GHz field resonantly drives the $28{F}_{7/2}\ensuremath{\leftrightarrow}29{D}_{5/2}$ transition and causes Autler-Townes splittings in the Rydberg EIA and EIT spectra, which are measured and employed to characterize the performance of the microwave quadrupler.
We demonstrate laser frequency stabilization to excited state transitions using cascade electromagnetically induced transparency. Using a room temperature Rb vapor cell as a reference, we stabilize a first diode laser to the D2 transition and a second laser to a transition from the intermediate 5P3/2 state to a highly excited state with principal quantum number n=19–70. A combined laser linewidth of 280±50 kHz over a 100 μs time period is achieved. This method may be applied generally to any cascade system and allows laser stabilization to an atomic reference in the absence of a direct absorption signal.
Observation of transient effects in electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) is reported in Rb85{\mathrm{Rb}}^{85}Rb85 cooled in a magneto-optical trap. The transmission of a weak probe beam in resonance with the 5S1/2(F=3){5S}_{1/2}(F=3)5S1/2​(F=3) to 5P3/2(F=3){5P}_{3/2}(F=3)5P3/2​(F=3) hyperfine transition increased transiently when a relatively strong coupling field in resonance with the 5S1/2(F=2){5S}_{1/2}(F=2)5S1/2​(F=2) to 5P3/2(F=3){5P}_{3/2}(F=3)5P3/2​(F=3) hyperfine transition was switched on rapidly using a Pockels cell. The probe transient showed an initial Rabi half-cycle overshoot before settling down to steady-state EIT. The results agreed well with computations using a three-state model of the \ensuremath{\Lambda} system. The computations also suggest that transient gain should be observed with coupling field power only four times larger than that presently available to us.
We report a likely observation of cw lasing without inversion in a gas of hot rubidium atoms in an optical cavity under conditions of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). The medium is pumped coherently and resonantly by a single ``coupling'' beam which also produces EIT in the lasing transition. The steady-state intensity exhibits thresholds as a function of the atomic density and the strength of the coupling beam. A theoretical model for an effective three-level lambda system indicates that gain without inversion is possible in this system if the two ground states are coupled by depolarizing collisions, and if the decay branching ratios meet certain conditions.