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Physical Review A

Simultaneous electromagnetically induced transparency for two circularly polarized lasers coupled to the same linearly polarized laser in a four-level atomic system in the W scheme

Cristian Bahrim, Chris Nelson

Published Mar 7, 2011• 8 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Electromagnetic induced transparency (EIT) can be produced in a four-level atomic system in the W scheme using a linearly polarized optical field for simultaneously slowing down two $\ensuremath{\sigma}{}^{+}$ and $\ensuremath{\sigma}{}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ circularly polarized optical fields. This four-level atomic system can be set up with a $|{}^{1}{S}_{0}\ensuremath{\rangle}$ ground state and three Zeeman levels of the $|{}^{1}{P}_{1}\ensuremath{\rangle}$ excited state of any alkali-metal atom placed in a weak magnetic field. We apply our W scheme to ultracold magnesium atoms for neglecting the collisional dephasing. Atomic coherences are reported after solving a density matrix master equation including radiative relaxations from Zeeman states of the $|{}^{1}{P}_{1}\ensuremath{\rangle}$ multiplet to the $|{}^{1}{S}_{0}\ensuremath{\rangle}$ ground state. The EIT feature is analyzed using the transit time between the normal dispersive region and the EIT region. The evolution of the EIT feature with the variation of the coupling field is discussed using an intuitive dressed-state representation. We analyze the sensitivity of an EIT feature to pressure broadening of the excited Zeeman states.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.83.033804

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Electromagnetic induced transparency (EIT) can be produced in a four-level atomic system in the W scheme using a linearly polarized optical field for simultaneously slowing down two \ensuremathσ+\ensuremath{\sigma}{}^{+}\ensuremathσ+ and \ensuremathσ\ensuremath−\ensuremath{\sigma}{}^{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremathσ\ensuremath− circularly polarized optical fields. This four-level atomic system can be set up with a ∣1S0\ensuremath⟩|{}^{1}{S}_{0}\ensuremath{\rangle}∣1S0​\ensuremath⟩ ground state and three Zeeman levels of the ∣1P1\ensuremath⟩|{}^{1}{P}_{1}\ensuremath{\rangle}∣1P1​\ensuremath⟩ excited state of any alkali-metal atom placed in a weak magnetic field. We apply our W scheme to ultracold magnesium atoms for neglecting the collisional dephasing. Atomic coherences are reported after solving a density matrix master equation including radiative relaxations from Zeeman states of the ∣1P1\ensuremath⟩|{}^{1}{P}_{1}\ensuremath{\rangle}∣1P1​\ensuremath⟩ multiplet to the ∣1S0\ensuremath⟩|{}^{1}{S}_{0}\ensuremath{\rangle}∣1S0​\ensuremath⟩ ground state. The EIT feature is analyzed using the transit time between the normal dispersive region and the EIT region. The evolution of the EIT feature with the variation of the coupling field is discussed using an intuitive dressed-state representation. We analyze the sensitivity of an EIT feature to pressure broadening of the excited Zeeman states.
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We investigate, both theoretically and experimentally, the phenomenon of polarization rotation of a weak, linearly polarized optical (probe) field in an atomic system with multiple three-level electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) subsystems. The polarization rotation angle can be controlled by a circularly polarized coupling beam, which breaks the symmetry in number of EIT subsystems seen by the left and right circularly polarized components of the weak probe beam. A large polarization rotation angle (up to 45\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}) has been achieved with a coupling beam power of only 15mW15\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{mW}15mW. Detailed theoretical analyses including different transition probabilities in different transitions and Doppler-broadening are presented and the results are in good agreements with the experimentally measured results.
We present, experimentally and theoretically, a scheme for dressed-state electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in a three-step cascade system in which a four-level system is mapped into an effective three-level system. Theoretical analysis reveals that the scheme provides coherent-state control via adiabatic following and a generalized protocol for light storage in uniform phase spin-waves that are insensitive to motional dephasing. The three-step driving enables a number of other features, including spatial selectivity of the excitation region within the atomic medium, and kick-free and Doppler-free excitation that produces narrow resonances in thermal vapor. As a proof of concept, we present an experimental demonstration of the generalized EIT scheme using the $6{S}_{1/2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}6{P}_{3/2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}7{S}_{1/2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}8{P}_{1/2}$ excitation path in thermal cesium vapor. This technique could be applied to cold and thermal ensembles to enable longer storage times for Rydberg polaritons.
People have been paying attention to the role of atoms' complex internal level structures in the research of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) for a long time, where the various degenerate Zeeman levels usually generate complex linkage patterns for the atomic transitions. It turns out, with special choices of the atomic states and the atomic transitions' linkage structure, clear signatures of quantum interference induced by the probe and coupling light's polarizations can emerge from a typical EIT phenomena. We propose to study a four-state system with double-V\mathsf{\text{V}}V linkage pattern for the transitions and analyze the polarization-induced interference under the EIT condition. We show that such interference arises naturally under mild conditions on the optical field and atom manipulation techniques. Moreover, we construct a variation form of double-M linkage pattern where the polarization-induced interference enables polarization-dependent cross modulation between incident weak lights that can be effective even at the few-photon level. The theme is to gain more insight into the essential question: how can we build a nontrivial optical medium where incident lights experience polarization-dependent nonlinear optical interactions, valid for a wide range of incidence intensities down to the few-photon level?
Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) has led to several quantum optics effects such as lasing without inversion or squeezed light generation. More recently quantum memories based on EIT have been experimentally implemented in different systems such as alkali metal atoms. In this system the excited state of the optical transition splits into several sublevels due to the hyperfine interaction. However, most of the theoretical models used to describe the experimental results are based on a Λ-system with only one excited state. In this article, we present a theoretical model for the Λ-type interaction of two light, fields and an atomic system with multiple excited state. In particular we show that if the control and probe fields are orthogonally circularly polarized the EIT effect in an alkali-metal vapor can almost disappears. We also identify the reasons of this reduction and propose a method to recover the transparency via velocity selective optical pumping.
We study Rydberg electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) of cesium atoms in a magnetic field. The ladder level scheme consists of ground (6S1/26{S}_{1/2}6S1/2​), excited (6P3/26{P}_{3/2}6P3/2​), and Rydberg (48D5/248{D}_{5/2}48D5/2​) levels. The relevant 96 relevant magnetic sublevels are coupled to each other via coherent coupling and decay. A quantum Monte Carlo wave-function (QMCWF) approach is employed to solve the quantum master equation. The simulated EIT probe-absorption spectra and their magnetic-field dependence are compared with results of a cold-atom experiment, in which we perform an in situ, atom-based measurement of a rapidly decaying eddy-current magnetic field. The EIT spectrum in the magnetic field has two dominant lines with a Zeeman splitting of 5.6 MHz per gauss, which are employed to measure the magnetic field. The QMCWF results show good agreement with the experiment, exhibit additional spectroscopic features, and provide insights into the optical-pumping dynamics, radiation-pressure effects, and the relation of these phenomena with the EIT behavior.