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Physical Review A

Rydberg electromagnetically induced transparency in a large Hilbert space

Yongmei Xue, Liping Hao, Yuechun Jiao, Xiaoxuan Han, Suying Bai, Jianming Zhao, Georg A. Raithel

Published May 30, 2019• 17 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We study Rydberg electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) of cesium atoms in a magnetic field. The ladder level scheme consists of ground ($6{S}_{1/2}$), excited ($6{P}_{3/2}$), and Rydberg ($48{D}_{5/2}$) levels. The relevant 96 relevant magnetic sublevels are coupled to each other via coherent coupling and decay. A quantum Monte Carlo wave-function (QMCWF) approach is employed to solve the quantum master equation. The simulated EIT probe-absorption spectra and their magnetic-field dependence are compared with results of a cold-atom experiment, in which we perform an in situ, atom-based measurement of a rapidly decaying eddy-current magnetic field. The EIT spectrum in the magnetic field has two dominant lines with a Zeeman splitting of 5.6 MHz per gauss, which are employed to measure the magnetic field. The QMCWF results show good agreement with the experiment, exhibit additional spectroscopic features, and provide insights into the optical-pumping dynamics, radiation-pressure effects, and the relation of these phenomena with the EIT behavior.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.99.053426

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We study Rydberg electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) of cesium atoms in a magnetic field. The ladder level scheme consists of ground (6S1/26{S}_{1/2}6S1/2​), excited (6P3/26{P}_{3/2}6P3/2​), and Rydberg (48D5/248{D}_{5/2}48D5/2​) levels. The relevant 96 relevant magnetic sublevels are coupled to each other via coherent coupling and decay. A quantum Monte Carlo wave-function (QMCWF) approach is employed to solve the quantum master equation. The simulated EIT probe-absorption spectra and their magnetic-field dependence are compared with results of a cold-atom experiment, in which we perform an in situ, atom-based measurement of a rapidly decaying eddy-current magnetic field. The EIT spectrum in the magnetic field has two dominant lines with a Zeeman splitting of 5.6 MHz per gauss, which are employed to measure the magnetic field. The QMCWF results show good agreement with the experiment, exhibit additional spectroscopic features, and provide insights into the optical-pumping dynamics, radiation-pressure effects, and the relation of these phenomena with the EIT behavior.
We perform Zeeman spectroscopy on a Rydberg electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) system in a room-temperature Cs vapor cell, in magnetic fields up to 50~Gauss and for several polarization configurations. The magnetic interactions of the ∣6S1/2,Fg=4⟩\vert 6S_{1/2}, F_g=4 \rangle∣6S1/2​,Fg​=4⟩ ground, ∣6P3/2,Fe=5⟩\vert 6P_{3/2}, F_e=5 \rangle∣6P3/2​,Fe​=5⟩ intermediate, and ∣33S1/2⟩\vert 33S_{1/2} \rangle∣33S1/2​⟩ Rydberg states that form the ladder-type EIT system are in the linear Zeeman, quadratic Zeeman, and the deep hyperfine Paschen-Back regimes, respectively. Starting in magnetic fields of about 5~Gauss, the spectra develop an asymmetry that becomes paramount in fields ≳40\gtrsim40≳40~Gauss. We use a quantum Monte Carlo wave-function approach to quantitatively model the spectra. Simulated spectra are in good agreement with experimental data. The asymmetry in the spectra is, in part, due to level shifts caused by the quadratic Zeeman effect, but it also reflects the complicated interplay between optical pumping and EIT in the magnetic field. Relevance to measurement applications is discussed. %The simulations are also used to study optical pumping in the magnetic field and to investigate the interplay between optical pumping and EIT, which reduces photon scattering and optical pumping.
We present experimental results on the influence of magnetic fields and laser polarization on electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) using Rydberg levels of ^{87} 87 Rb atoms. The measurements are performed in a room temperature vapor cell with two counter-propagating laser beams at 480 m and 780 m in a ladder-type energy level scheme. We measure the EIT spectrum of a range of ns_{1/2} n s 1 / 2 Rydberg states for n=19-27 n = 19 − 27 , where the hyperfine structure can still be resolved. Our measurements span the range of magnetic fields from the low field linear Zeeman regime to the high field Paschen-Back regimes. The observed spectra are very sensitive to small changes in magnetic fields and the polarization of the laser beams. We model our observations using optical Bloch equations that take into account the full multi-level structure of the atomic states involved and the decoupling of the electronic J J and nuclear I I angular momenta in the Breit-Rabi regime. The numerical model yields excellent agreement with the observations. In addition to EIT related experiments, our results are relevant for experiments involving coherent excitation to Rydberg levels in the presence of magnetic fields.
We perform Zeeman spectroscopy on a Rydberg electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) system in a room-temperature Cs vapor cell, in magnetic fields up to 50 Gauss. The magnetic interactions of the |6S1/2 Fg = 4> ground, |6P3/2 Fe = 5> intermediate, and |33S1/2> Rydberg states that form the ladder-type EIT system are in the linear Zeeman, quadratic Zeeman, and the Paschen-Back regimes, respectively. We explain the dependence of Rydberg EIT spectra on the magnetic field and polarization. The asymmetry of the EIT spectra, which is caused by the quadratic Zeeman effect of the intermediate state, becomes paramount in magnetic fields ≥40 Gauss. We investigate the interplay between Rydberg EIT, which reduces photon scattering, and optical pumping, which relies on photon scattering. We employ a quantum Monte Carlo wave-function approach to quantitatively model the spectra and their asymmetry behavior. Simulated spectra are in good agreement with the experimental data.
Employing two lasers as the coupling and probe fields which have opposite circular polarization (σ + and σ -), electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in Λ-type Zeeman sublevels of cesium 6 2S 1/2F=3-6 2P 3/2F′=2 degenerate two-level system has been demonstrated via probe absorption spectra. The effect of the intensity and detuning of different coupling. Laser on EII was also investigated in experiments. Within the Doppler background, optical pumping among Zeeman sub-levels and the population of different Zeeman sub-levels can dominate the intensity of EIT effect. And the physical reason of the rugged spectra are presented qualitatively.
We present an electromagnetically induced transparency and Aulter-Townes (EIT-AT) spectrum of a Rydberg three-level atom that is dressed with a microwave field in a room-temperature cesium cell. The EIT is a quantum coherent effect produced by the interaction of atoms with electromagnetic waves, which leads to the decrease of the absorption for a weak resonant probe laser. AT splitting refers to the phenomenon, that the absorption line splits when an electromagnetic field that is in resonance or near resonance acts on the transition of atoms. Rydberg atoms are extremely sensitive to an external electric field due to their large polarizabilities and microwave transition dipole moments, which can be used to measure the external field. In this work, a Rydberg three-level EIT is used to detect Rydberg atom and AT splitting induced by the microwave field. Cesium levels 6S1/2, 6P3/2 and 50S1/2 constitute a Rydberg three-level system, in which a weak probe laser locking to the transition from 6S1/2 to 6P3/2 couples ground-state transition and the strong coupling laser resonates on the Rydberg transition from 6P2/3 to 50S1/2. The two Rydberg levels 50S1/2 and 50P1/2 are coupled with the microwave field at a frequency of 30.852 GHz, leading to the AT splitting of EIT line and forming an EIT-AT spectrum, which is used to measure the electric field amplitude of microwave. In order to further study the EIT-AT splitting characteristics of the Rydberg levels, we carry out a series of measurements by changing the microwave field. The experimental results show a broadened EIT-AT signal for the weak field range and the four-peak spectrum for the strong field, which is attributed to the inhomogeneity of the microwave field. The microwave in cesium cell, emitted by a function generator, shows inhomogeneous behavior such that the atoms interacting with the laser field experience the different fields, leading to the line broadened and multi-peak EIT-AT spectra. For the microwave transition of nS1/2-nP1/2 in this paper, a pair of EIT-AT lines should be obtained for an electric field value. The broadening of the EIT-AT spectrum and the multi-peak structure here are due to the inhomogeneity of the microwave field measurement. We propose a method to increase the spatial resolution by reducing the length of cesium cell. The result in this work provides a method of measuring the field amplitude and monitoring the distribution of microwave electric field, meanwhile the spatial resolution of the measurements can be improved by reducing the size of the cell.
A high sensitivity spectroscopy of Rydberg atoms is presented by using electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in the 6S(1/2)-6P(3/2)-n D ladder-type system of cesium vapor cell at room temperature. The EIT spectra of 40 D Rydberg state are measured and the dependences of the EIT magnitude and linewidth on the coupling laser power are investigated in detail. The Rydberg EIT linewidth is measured to be about 5.6 MHz when the powers of probe and coupling lasers are 50 microW and 5.2 mW, respectively, and which is close to the natural linewidth of cesium atoms. The effect of double resonance optical pumping on EIT is also investigated. The fine structures of nD (n = 39-55) are measured and the experimental result is in agreement with quantum defect theory.