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arXiv:1606.08260 · SciPost Physics

Electromagnetically induced transparency with Rydberg atoms across the Breit-Rabi regime

Julian B. Naber, Atreju Tauschinsky, Ben van Linden van den Heuvell, R. J. C. Spreeuw

Published Apr 25, 2017• 15 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We present experimental results on the influence of magnetic fields and laser polarization on electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) using Rydberg levels of ^{87} 87 Rb atoms. The measurements are performed in a room temperature vapor cell with two counter-propagating laser beams at 480 m and 780 m in a ladder-type energy level scheme. We measure the EIT spectrum of a range of ns_{1/2} n s 1 / 2 Rydberg states for n=19-27 n = 19 − 27 , where the hyperfine structure can still be resolved. Our measurements span the range of magnetic fields from the low field linear Zeeman regime to the high field Paschen-Back regimes. The observed spectra are very sensitive to small changes in magnetic fields and the polarization of the laser beams. We model our observations using optical Bloch equations that take into account the full multi-level structure of the atomic states involved and the decoupling of the electronic J J and nuclear I I angular momenta in the Breit-Rabi regime. The numerical model yields excellent agreement with the observations. In addition to EIT related experiments, our results are relevant for experiments involving coherent excitation to Rydberg levels in the presence of magnetic fields.

DOI
10.21468/scipostphys.2.2.015

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We present experimental results on the influence of magnetic fields and laser polarization on electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) using Rydberg levels of ^{87} 87 Rb atoms. The measurements are performed in a room temperature vapor cell with two counter-propagating laser beams at 480 m and 780 m in a ladder-type energy level scheme. We measure the EIT spectrum of a range of ns_{1/2} n s 1 / 2 Rydberg states for n=19-27 n = 19 − 27 , where the hyperfine structure can still be resolved. Our measurements span the range of magnetic fields from the low field linear Zeeman regime to the high field Paschen-Back regimes. The observed spectra are very sensitive to small changes in magnetic fields and the polarization of the laser beams. We model our observations using optical Bloch equations that take into account the full multi-level structure of the atomic states involved and the decoupling of the electronic J J and nuclear I I angular momenta in the Breit-Rabi regime. The numerical model yields excellent agreement with the observations. In addition to EIT related experiments, our results are relevant for experiments involving coherent excitation to Rydberg levels in the presence of magnetic fields.
We report on rubidium vapor-cell Rydberg electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in a 0.7~T magnetic field where all involved levels are in the hyperfine Paschen-Back regime, and the Rydberg state exhibits a strong diamagnetic interaction with the magnetic field. Signals from both 85Rb^{85}\mathrm{Rb}85Rb and 87Rb^{87}\mathrm{Rb}87Rb are present in the EIT spectra. This feature of isotope-mixed Rb cells allows us to measure the field strength to within a ±0.12\pm 0.12±0.12\% relative uncertainty. The measured spectra are in excellent agreement with the results of a Monte Carlo calculation and indicate unexpectedly large Rydberg-level dephasing rates. Line shifts and broadenings due to small inhomogeneities of the magnetic field are included in the model.
We have studied the high resolution spectroscopy of Rydberg state 87Rb in a ladder-type electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) configuration at room temperature. A highly excited Rydberg atom is nearly degenerate for its hyperfine states but this degeneracy will be broken by an applied magnetic field, resulting in a spectral splitting in a coupled basis. In our ladder-type EIT experiment, we observed the high resolution spectral splitting of Rydberg atoms in an external magnetic field with two different optical polarization combinations of σ+ − σ+ and σ+ − σ− for probe and coupling laser beams. A strict theory has been set up to explain the observed spectral line position and intensity accurately considering the Zeeman effects of three EIT-concerned states all in the coupled basis. Specially for the Rydberg state, we can transform its wavefunction back into the decoupled basis for the spectral line assignment.
Abstract We have studied the phenomenon of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) of 87 Rb vapor at room temperature in a magnetic field with an arbitrary angle to the laser propagation direction. Rather than exposing atoms to a parallelled or transverse magnetic field as usual, in our work, we apply a magnetic field (up to 45 Gauss) with an arbitrary angle to the laser propagation direction and the spectra become much more complex. More EIT dips are observed due to the Zeeman splitting on the D 2 line of 87 Rb in a Λ -type configuration. With a 5 Torr N 2 buffer gas in the thermal 2 cm vapor cell, the state 5 2 P 3 / 2 has a very short effective lifetime, corresponding to a large energy broadening, which removes the velocity selective optical pumping effect almost completely and keeps the high resolution EIT spectrum for the energy splitting of 87 Rb in magnetic fields. The shifting of the EIT resonances with the strength of the applied magnetic field coincides well with the theory based on a full matrix Hamiltonian combined with a spectral decomposition method. Our work can be extended to measure the magnetic field vector in space. The effects of the detuning of the probe and coupling beams on the spectral lines are also investigated.
We present Rydberg-state electromagnetically-induced-transparency (EIT) measurements examining the effects of laser polarization, magnetic fields, laser intensities, and the optical density of the thermal 87 Rb medium. Two counter-propagating laser beams with wavelengths of 480 nm and 780 nm were employed to sweep the spectrum across the Rydberg states |33 D 3/2 〉 and |33 D 5/2 〉. An analytic transmission expression well fits the Rydberg-EIT spectra with multiple transitions under different magnetic fields and laser polarization after accounting for the relevant Clebsch-Gordan coefficients, Zeeman splittings, and Doppler shifts. In addition, the high-contrast Rydberg EIT can be optimized with the probe laser intensity and optical density. Rydberg EIT peak height was achieved at 13%, which is more than twice as high as the maximum peak height at room temperature. A quantitative theoretical model is employed to represent the spectra properties and to predict well the optimization conditions. A Rydberg EIT spectrum with high contrast in real time can be served as a quantum sensor to detect the electromagnetic field within an environment.
We perform Zeeman spectroscopy on a Rydberg electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) system in a room-temperature Cs vapor cell, in magnetic fields up to 50~Gauss and for several polarization configurations. The magnetic interactions of the ∣6S1/2,Fg=4⟩\vert 6S_{1/2}, F_g=4 \rangle∣6S1/2​,Fg​=4⟩ ground, ∣6P3/2,Fe=5⟩\vert 6P_{3/2}, F_e=5 \rangle∣6P3/2​,Fe​=5⟩ intermediate, and ∣33S1/2⟩\vert 33S_{1/2} \rangle∣33S1/2​⟩ Rydberg states that form the ladder-type EIT system are in the linear Zeeman, quadratic Zeeman, and the deep hyperfine Paschen-Back regimes, respectively. Starting in magnetic fields of about 5~Gauss, the spectra develop an asymmetry that becomes paramount in fields ≳40\gtrsim40≳40~Gauss. We use a quantum Monte Carlo wave-function approach to quantitatively model the spectra. Simulated spectra are in good agreement with experimental data. The asymmetry in the spectra is, in part, due to level shifts caused by the quadratic Zeeman effect, but it also reflects the complicated interplay between optical pumping and EIT in the magnetic field. Relevance to measurement applications is discussed. %The simulations are also used to study optical pumping in the magnetic field and to investigate the interplay between optical pumping and EIT, which reduces photon scattering and optical pumping.
We perform Zeeman spectroscopy on a Rydberg electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) system in a room-temperature Cs vapor cell, in magnetic fields up to 50 Gauss. The magnetic interactions of the |6S1/2 Fg = 4> ground, |6P3/2 Fe = 5> intermediate, and |33S1/2> Rydberg states that form the ladder-type EIT system are in the linear Zeeman, quadratic Zeeman, and the Paschen-Back regimes, respectively. We explain the dependence of Rydberg EIT spectra on the magnetic field and polarization. The asymmetry of the EIT spectra, which is caused by the quadratic Zeeman effect of the intermediate state, becomes paramount in magnetic fields ≥40 Gauss. We investigate the interplay between Rydberg EIT, which reduces photon scattering, and optical pumping, which relies on photon scattering. We employ a quantum Monte Carlo wave-function approach to quantitatively model the spectra and their asymmetry behavior. Simulated spectra are in good agreement with the experimental data.