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arXiv:2111.13408 · Optics Express

Optimizing the Rydberg EIT spectrum in a thermal vapor

Hsuan-Jui Su, Jia-You Liou, I-Chun Lin, Yi‐Hsin Chen

Published Dec 30, 2021• 1 citation
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We present Rydberg-state electromagnetically-induced-transparency (EIT) measurements examining the effects of laser polarization, magnetic fields, laser intensities, and the optical density of the thermal 87 Rb medium. Two counter-propagating laser beams with wavelengths of 480 nm and 780 nm were employed to sweep the spectrum across the Rydberg states |33 D 3/2 〉 and |33 D 5/2 〉. An analytic transmission expression well fits the Rydberg-EIT spectra with multiple transitions under different magnetic fields and laser polarization after accounting for the relevant Clebsch-Gordan coefficients, Zeeman splittings, and Doppler shifts. In addition, the high-contrast Rydberg EIT can be optimized with the probe laser intensity and optical density. Rydberg EIT peak height was achieved at 13%, which is more than twice as high as the maximum peak height at room temperature. A quantitative theoretical model is employed to represent the spectra properties and to predict well the optimization conditions. A Rydberg EIT spectrum with high contrast in real time can be served as a quantum sensor to detect the electromagnetic field within an environment.

DOI
10.1364/oe.444894

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We present Rydberg-state electromagnetically-induced-transparency (EIT) measurements examining the effects of laser polarization, magnetic fields, laser intensities, and the optical density of the thermal 87 Rb medium. Two counter-propagating laser beams with wavelengths of 480 nm and 780 nm were employed to sweep the spectrum across the Rydberg states |33 D 3/2 〉 and |33 D 5/2 〉. An analytic transmission expression well fits the Rydberg-EIT spectra with multiple transitions under different magnetic fields and laser polarization after accounting for the relevant Clebsch-Gordan coefficients, Zeeman splittings, and Doppler shifts. In addition, the high-contrast Rydberg EIT can be optimized with the probe laser intensity and optical density. Rydberg EIT peak height was achieved at 13%, which is more than twice as high as the maximum peak height at room temperature. A quantitative theoretical model is employed to represent the spectra properties and to predict well the optimization conditions. A Rydberg EIT spectrum with high contrast in real time can be served as a quantum sensor to detect the electromagnetic field within an environment.
〉. An analytic transmission expression well fits the Rydberg-EIT spectra with multiple transitions under different magnetic fields and laser polarization after accounting for the relevant Clebsch-Gordan coefficients, Zeeman splittings, and Doppler shifts. In addition, the high-contrast Rydberg EIT can be optimized with the probe laser intensity and optical density. Rydberg EIT peak height was achieved at 13%, which is more than twice as high as the maximum peak height at room temperature. A quantitative theoretical model is employed to represent the spectra properties and to predict well the optimization conditions. A Rydberg EIT spectrum with high contrast in real time can be served as a quantum sensor to detect the electromagnetic field within an environment.
We present experimental results on the influence of magnetic fields and laser polarization on electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) using Rydberg levels of ^{87} 87 Rb atoms. The measurements are performed in a room temperature vapor cell with two counter-propagating laser beams at 480 m and 780 m in a ladder-type energy level scheme. We measure the EIT spectrum of a range of ns_{1/2} n s 1 / 2 Rydberg states for n=19-27 n = 19 − 27 , where the hyperfine structure can still be resolved. Our measurements span the range of magnetic fields from the low field linear Zeeman regime to the high field Paschen-Back regimes. The observed spectra are very sensitive to small changes in magnetic fields and the polarization of the laser beams. We model our observations using optical Bloch equations that take into account the full multi-level structure of the atomic states involved and the decoupling of the electronic J J and nuclear I I angular momenta in the Breit-Rabi regime. The numerical model yields excellent agreement with the observations. In addition to EIT related experiments, our results are relevant for experiments involving coherent excitation to Rydberg levels in the presence of magnetic fields.
We discuss the interplay between high-contrast Rydberg-state electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and optical pumping (OP) in a thermal 87Rb medium. By pumping the population to one single hyperfine state, we can enhance the interaction strength and, in principle, amplify the EIT peak. According to the measurements, the EIT peak height can be improved by a factor of two or reduced by one order of magnitude, and linewidth was slightly narrowed by the pumping effect. The EIT feature is predicted quantitatively using a Doppler-free non-perturbation numerical calculation. In both simulations and measurements, Rydberg-EIT enhancement through OP is dependent on the intensity of the probe field and the optical density. Our work clarifies the underlying mechanisms of optical pumping, making relevant studies useful in developing Rydberg-based electrometry.
Abstract We have studied the phenomenon of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) of 87 Rb vapor at room temperature in a magnetic field with an arbitrary angle to the laser propagation direction. Rather than exposing atoms to a parallelled or transverse magnetic field as usual, in our work, we apply a magnetic field (up to 45 Gauss) with an arbitrary angle to the laser propagation direction and the spectra become much more complex. More EIT dips are observed due to the Zeeman splitting on the D 2 line of 87 Rb in a Λ -type configuration. With a 5 Torr N 2 buffer gas in the thermal 2 cm vapor cell, the state 5 2 P 3 / 2 has a very short effective lifetime, corresponding to a large energy broadening, which removes the velocity selective optical pumping effect almost completely and keeps the high resolution EIT spectrum for the energy splitting of 87 Rb in magnetic fields. The shifting of the EIT resonances with the strength of the applied magnetic field coincides well with the theory based on a full matrix Hamiltonian combined with a spectral decomposition method. Our work can be extended to measure the magnetic field vector in space. The effects of the detuning of the probe and coupling beams on the spectral lines are also investigated.
We have studied the phenomenon of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) of 87Rb vapor with a buffer gas in a magnetic field at room temperature. It is found that the spectral lines caused by the velocity selective optical pump effects get much weaker and wider when the sample cell mixed with a 5-Torr N2 gas while the EIT signal kept almost unchanged. A weighted least-square fit is also developed to remove the Doppler broadening completely. This spectral method provides a way to measure the Zeeman splitting with high resolution, for example, the Λ-type EIT resonance splits into four peaks on the D2 line of 87Rb in the thermal 2-cm vapor cell with a magnetic field along the electric field of the linearly polarized coupling laser. The high resolution spectrum can be used to lock the laser to a given frequency by tuning the magnetic field.
Abstract We report experimental measurements showing how one can combine quantum interference and thermal Doppler shifts at room temperature to detect weak magnetic fields. We pump 87 Rb atoms to a highly-excited, Rydberg level using a probe and a coupling laser, leading to narrow transmission peaks of the probe due to destructive interference of transition amplitudes, known as Electromagnetically Induced Transparency. While it is customary in such setups to use counterpropagating lasers to minimize the effect of Doppler shifts, here we show, on the contrary, that one can harness Doppler shifts in a copropagating arrangement to produce an enhanced response to a magnetic field. In particular, we demonstrate an order-of-magnitude bigger splitting in the transmission spectrum as compared to the counterpropagating case. We explain and generalize our findings with theoretical modeling and simulations based on a Lindblad master equation. Our results pave the way to using quantum effects for magnetometry in readily deployable room-temperature platforms.