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arXiv:2207.01196 · Journal of Applied Physics

Optical pumping effects on high-contrast Rydberg electromagnetically induced transparency

Hsuan-Jui Su, Jia-You Liou, I-Chun Lin, Yi‐Hsin Chen

Published Dec 22, 2022• 6 citations
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Abstract

We discuss the interplay between high-contrast Rydberg-state electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and optical pumping (OP) in a thermal 87Rb medium. By pumping the population to one single hyperfine state, we can enhance the interaction strength and, in principle, amplify the EIT peak. According to the measurements, the EIT peak height can be improved by a factor of two or reduced by one order of magnitude, and linewidth was slightly narrowed by the pumping effect. The EIT feature is predicted quantitatively using a Doppler-free non-perturbation numerical calculation. In both simulations and measurements, Rydberg-EIT enhancement through OP is dependent on the intensity of the probe field and the optical density. Our work clarifies the underlying mechanisms of optical pumping, making relevant studies useful in developing Rydberg-based electrometry.

DOI
10.1063/5.0127828

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We discuss the interplay between high-contrast Rydberg-state electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and optical pumping (OP) in a thermal 87Rb medium. By pumping the population to one single hyperfine state, we can enhance the interaction strength and, in principle, amplify the EIT peak. According to the measurements, the EIT peak height can be improved by a factor of two or reduced by one order of magnitude, and linewidth was slightly narrowed by the pumping effect. The EIT feature is predicted quantitatively using a Doppler-free non-perturbation numerical calculation. In both simulations and measurements, Rydberg-EIT enhancement through OP is dependent on the intensity of the probe field and the optical density. Our work clarifies the underlying mechanisms of optical pumping, making relevant studies useful in developing Rydberg-based electrometry.
We present Rydberg-state electromagnetically-induced-transparency (EIT) measurements examining the effects of laser polarization, magnetic fields, laser intensities, and the optical density of the thermal 87 Rb medium. Two counter-propagating laser beams with wavelengths of 480 nm and 780 nm were employed to sweep the spectrum across the Rydberg states |33 D 3/2 〉 and |33 D 5/2 〉. An analytic transmission expression well fits the Rydberg-EIT spectra with multiple transitions under different magnetic fields and laser polarization after accounting for the relevant Clebsch-Gordan coefficients, Zeeman splittings, and Doppler shifts. In addition, the high-contrast Rydberg EIT can be optimized with the probe laser intensity and optical density. Rydberg EIT peak height was achieved at 13%, which is more than twice as high as the maximum peak height at room temperature. A quantitative theoretical model is employed to represent the spectra properties and to predict well the optimization conditions. A Rydberg EIT spectrum with high contrast in real time can be served as a quantum sensor to detect the electromagnetic field within an environment.
Abstract Combination of the electromagnetically-induced-transparency (EIT) effect and Rydberg-state atoms has attracted great attention recently due to its potential application in the photon-photon interaction or qubit operation. In this work, we studied the Rydberg-EIT spectra with room-temperature 87Rb atoms. Spectroscopic data under various experimental parameters all showed that the contrast of EIT transparency as a function of the probe field intensity is initially enhanced, reaches a maximum value and then decays gradually. The contrast of spectral profile at the optimum probe field intensity is enhanced by 2–4 times as compared with that at weakest intensity. Moreover, the signal-to-noise ratio of the spectrum can potentially be improved by 1 to 2 orders of magnitude. We provided a theoretical model to explain this behavior and clarified its underlying mechanism. Our work overcomes the obstacle of weak signal in the Rydberg-EIT spectrum caused by an apparent relaxation rate of the Rydberg polariton and weak coupling transition strength, and provides the useful knowledge for the Rydberg-EIT study.
We demonstrate improved sensitivity of Rydberg electrometry based on electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) with a ground state repumping laser. Though there are many factors that limit the sensitivity of radio frequency field measurements, we show that repumping can enhance the interaction strength while avoiding additional Doppler or power broadening. Through this method, we nearly double the EIT amplitude without an increase in the width of the peak. A similar increase in amplitude without the repumping field is not possible through simple optimization. We also establish that one of the key limits to detection is the photon shot noise of the probe laser. We show an improvement on the sensitivity of the device by a factor of nearly 2 in the presence of the repump field.
In this paper we report an observation of the two-photon absorption in a four-level system in hot 87Rb^{87}\mathrm{Rb}87Rb vapor based on the proposal of Harris and Yamamoto [Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 3611 (1998)]. We show that this effect is reduced in hot atoms due to the non-Doppler-free nature of this scheme. Then we report a phenomenon that could be used in the same application of Harris and Yamamoto. The main result is a great enhancement of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) effect in hot 87Rb^{87}\mathrm{Rb}87Rb vapor caused by optical pumping. We find that when the single photon detuning is near zero the EIT signal is dramatically enhanced by an optical pumping field. More interestingly when the single photon detuning is larger the signal can be changed from a sharp Raman peak to a sharp EIT dip. The full width at half maximum of the peak and dip are narrow and subnatural.
The absorption features of a probe field propagating through a six-level inverted-Y type atomic system in presence of two additional coherent fields are investigated under both Doppler-free and Doppler-broadened conditions resembling the 87Rb 5S1⁄2 → 5P3⁄2 → 44D5⁄2 (Tr-I) through numerical simulation. A comparative study in the probe absorption is also made with the 87Rb 5S1⁄2 → 5P3⁄2 → 7S1⁄2 transition (Tr-II). Under thermal averaging five velocity selective optically pumped absorption peaks (VSOPAP) appear for both the transitions (Tr-I and Tr-II). An interesting feature noticed in the simulated absorption profile is that under thermal averaging we get two extra electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) dips for Tr-I compared to Tr-II where only two EIT dips are noticed.
We perform Zeeman spectroscopy on a Rydberg electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) system in a room-temperature Cs vapor cell, in magnetic fields up to 50~Gauss and for several polarization configurations. The magnetic interactions of the ∣6S1/2,Fg=4⟩\vert 6S_{1/2}, F_g=4 \rangle∣6S1/2​,Fg​=4⟩ ground, ∣6P3/2,Fe=5⟩\vert 6P_{3/2}, F_e=5 \rangle∣6P3/2​,Fe​=5⟩ intermediate, and ∣33S1/2⟩\vert 33S_{1/2} \rangle∣33S1/2​⟩ Rydberg states that form the ladder-type EIT system are in the linear Zeeman, quadratic Zeeman, and the deep hyperfine Paschen-Back regimes, respectively. Starting in magnetic fields of about 5~Gauss, the spectra develop an asymmetry that becomes paramount in fields ≳40\gtrsim40≳40~Gauss. We use a quantum Monte Carlo wave-function approach to quantitatively model the spectra. Simulated spectra are in good agreement with experimental data. The asymmetry in the spectra is, in part, due to level shifts caused by the quadratic Zeeman effect, but it also reflects the complicated interplay between optical pumping and EIT in the magnetic field. Relevance to measurement applications is discussed. %The simulations are also used to study optical pumping in the magnetic field and to investigate the interplay between optical pumping and EIT, which reduces photon scattering and optical pumping.