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International Journal of Modern Physics B

Polarization-controlled dynamical switching between transparency and absorption in a Zeeman-spilt Λ-type system

Yang Liu, Xiang-an Yan, Ze-kai Yu, Zi-Yang Lv, Jia-Le Song, Zi-Yi Wu, Xin Eric Wang, Xiao-Xiang Han

Published May 15, 2026• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We report a simplified all-optical scheme that achieves dynamical switching between electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and absorption (EIA) in a [Formula: see text]-type atomic system using only two lasers. The switch is controlled via the polarization ([Formula: see text]) and propagation direction of the optical fields. By applying a weak magnetic field, we spectroscopically resolve the degenerate transition into Zeeman-split subsystems and identify an effective N-type pathway as the physical origin of the switching. Theoretical analysis based on dressed-state perturbation theory reveals that the EIT–EIA transition results from constructive quantum interference between secondary dressed states. The scheme also generates tunable dual transparency windows, enabling potential applications in multi-channel signal routing and polarization-controlled slow-light devices.

DOI
10.1142/s0217979226501742

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We report a simplified all-optical scheme that achieves dynamical switching between electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and absorption (EIA) in a [Formula: see text]-type atomic system using only two lasers. The switch is controlled via the polarization ([Formula: see text]) and propagation direction of the optical fields. By applying a weak magnetic field, we spectroscopically resolve the degenerate transition into Zeeman-split subsystems and identify an effective N-type pathway as the physical origin of the switching. Theoretical analysis based on dressed-state perturbation theory reveals that the EIT–EIA transition results from constructive quantum interference between secondary dressed states. The scheme also generates tunable dual transparency windows, enabling potential applications in multi-channel signal routing and polarization-controlled slow-light devices.
We theoretically investigate the optical response of a degenerate four-level Λ\LambdaΛ-type atomic system under the influence of an external magnetic field. The applied magnetic field lifts the degeneracy of the ground sublevels via the Zeeman effect, thereby altering the two-photon resonance conditions for electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) formation and causing the atomic response to evolve from single-EIT to double-EIT, accompanied by shifts in the EIT positions. Such variations in the EIT positions result in corresponding changes in the dispersion and group index curves, allowing the selection of desired frequency regions for different response regimes. As a result, the system can switch between transparency and absorption, as well as between slow and fast light. These findings highlight the feasibility of controlling light propagation via magnetic field, with potential applications in optical switching and quantum information technologies.
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In a Doppler-broadened ladder-type Rubidium atomic system [Formula: see text]–[Formula: see text]–[Formula: see text], three-photon electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA) and transparency (EIT) in two schemes of two coupling lasers with different propagation directions are comprehensively studied. Two coupling fields are entangled tightly with each other and induce constructive interference such that we observe EIA as two coupling fields are counter-propagating. Two coupling fields are independent and cause destructive interference such that only enhanced EIT occurs when two coupling fields are co-propagating, although all of the Doppler-broadened atoms satisfy the condition for three-photon resonance. The experimental results are coincided with the numerically calculated spectra using the dressed perturbation method. The mechanisms of EIT and EIA could also be understood by the dressed-state pictures.
Abstract Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in five-level atomic systems is theoretically investigated for three representative configurations: M-, inverted-Y, and K-type systems driven by a weak probe field and three control laser fields. The different coupling schemes produce different quantum interference pathways and two-photon resonance conditions, leading to markedly different EIT spectra. The M-type configuration exhibits one, two, and three well-resolved transparency windows as successive control fields are introduced. In contrast, the inverted-Y configuration produces broader transparency windows because of the overlap of multiple interference channels, whereas the K-type configuration exhibits only a single EIT window when all control fields are resonant. Multiple transparency windows in the K-type system appear after introducing appropriate coupling-field detunings. Doppler broadening at room temperature significantly broadens the absorption spectrum and reduces the transparency depth, while preserving the number and positions of the EIT windows. These results demonstrate that the coupling scheme plays an important role in determining the formation and evolution of multi-window EIT spectra and identify the characteristics of the three five-level configurations for multi-channel quantum-optical applications, as well as for the experimental observation of EIT spectra in five-level configurations.
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Summary form only given. Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) refers to a phenomenon, whereby the optically resonant transition is rendered nearly transparent by applying a strong coupling laser field. The mechanism of EIT is usually explained in terms of quantum coherence or quantum interference. This EIT has attracted increasing interest because absorption associated with nonlinear optical processes can be removed. In the typical three-level /spl lambda/-system, which includes the ground state and the metastable state, when the atomic population is prepared in the superposition of the states by the coupling fields, the optical response of the media to the probe field is significantly modified. Since this is a coherent control of an electric field by another field via the atomic coherence, several schemes to control light coherently have been suggested. We propose an optical coherent control scheme of the polarization of optical pulses using the EIT quantum coherence, and numerically study its applicability to fast optical switching.