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arXiv:1602.01457 · Physical review. B./Physical review. B

Inverted pendulum state of a polariton Rabi oscillator

Nina S. Voronova, Andrei A. Elistratov, Yu. E. Lozovik

Published Jul 11, 2016• 13 citations
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Abstract

Exciton-photon beats known as polariton Rabi oscillations in semiconductor microcavities are usually excited by short pulses of light. We consider a different pumping scheme, assuming a cw pumping of the Rabi oscillator from an exciton reservoir. We account for the initial pulse of light setting the phase, exciton decay due to exciton-phonon and exciton-exciton scattering, photon leakage, and blueshift of the exciton resonance due to interactions. We find nontrivial stationary solutions reminiscent of the Kapitza pendulum, where polaritons are accumulated at the upper branch while the lower branch empties.

DOI
10.1103/physrevb.94.045413

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Exciton-photon beats known as polariton Rabi oscillations in semiconductor microcavities are usually excited by short pulses of light. We consider a different pumping scheme, assuming a cw pumping of the Rabi oscillator from an exciton reservoir. We account for the initial pulse of light setting the phase, exciton decay due to exciton-phonon and exciton-exciton scattering, photon leakage, and blueshift of the exciton resonance due to interactions. We find nontrivial stationary solutions reminiscent of the Kapitza pendulum, where polaritons are accumulated at the upper branch while the lower branch empties.
The reported work describes different regimes of exciton-polariton oscillatory dynamics in a microcavity, in the conservative case as well as in the presence of continuous-wave pumping from the high-energy excitonic reservoir. Accounting for exciton-photon energy detuning, linear and non-linear decay, gain, and interactions, we discuss the influence of different ingredients of the system on the dynamics in conservative and non-conservative cases, and show the existence of non-trivial regimes reminiscent of internal Josephson effect, van der Pol oscillations, and the inverted Kapitza pendulum. Conditions of experimental observation of the predicted effects are considered.
A physical mechanism of the implementation of undamped Rabi oscillations in the system of exciton polaritons in a semiconductor microcavity in the presence of nonresonant pumping has been proposed. Various mechanisms of the stimulated scattering of excitons from the reservoir have been considered. It has been shown that undamped oscillations of the population of the photon component of the condensate can be caused by the feeding of a coherent Rabi oscillator owing to the pair scattering of excitons from the reservoir to the ground state. The effect should be observed in spite of a more intense relaxation of polaritons of the upper branch observed experimentally.
We propose a novel physical mechanism for the creation of long-lived macroscopic exciton-photon qubits in semiconductor microcavities with embedded quantum wells in the strong coupling regime. The polariton qubit is a superposition of lower branch and upper branch exciton-polariton states. We argue that the coherence time of Rabi oscillations can be dramatically enhanced due to their stimulated pumping from a permanent thermal reservoir of polaritons. We discuss applications of such qubits for quantum information processing, cloning, and storage purposes.
We develop the theoretical formalism to calculate second-order correlations in dissipative exciton-polariton system and we propose intensity-intensity correlation experiments to reveal the physics of exciton-light coupling in semiconductor microcavities in the Rabi oscillation regime. We predict a counterintuitive behavior of the correlator between upper and lower polariton branches: Due to the decoherence caused by stochastic exciton-photon conversions this correlator is expected to decrease below 1, while the individual second-order coherence of upper and lower polaritons exhibits nonmonotonous bunching.