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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE

Dynamic stabilization of a polariton Rabi oscillator in the ground and inverted stationary states

Nina S. Voronova, Andrei A. Elistratov, Yu. E. Lozovik

Published Feb 23, 2017• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The reported work describes different regimes of exciton-polariton oscillatory dynamics in a microcavity, in the conservative case as well as in the presence of continuous-wave pumping from the high-energy excitonic reservoir. Accounting for exciton-photon energy detuning, linear and non-linear decay, gain, and interactions, we discuss the influence of different ingredients of the system on the dynamics in conservative and non-conservative cases, and show the existence of non-trivial regimes reminiscent of internal Josephson effect, van der Pol oscillations, and the inverted Kapitza pendulum. Conditions of experimental observation of the predicted effects are considered.

DOI
10.1117/12.2250275

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•Dec 1, 2012•0 citations
The reported work describes different regimes of exciton-polariton oscillatory dynamics in a microcavity, in the conservative case as well as in the presence of continuous-wave pumping from the high-energy excitonic reservoir. Accounting for exciton-photon energy detuning, linear and non-linear decay, gain, and interactions, we discuss the influence of different ingredients of the system on the dynamics in conservative and non-conservative cases, and show the existence of non-trivial regimes reminiscent of internal Josephson effect, van der Pol oscillations, and the inverted Kapitza pendulum. Conditions of experimental observation of the predicted effects are considered.
Exciton-photon beats known as polariton Rabi oscillations in semiconductor microcavities are usually excited by short pulses of light. We consider a different pumping scheme, assuming a cw pumping of the Rabi oscillator from an exciton reservoir. We account for the initial pulse of light setting the phase, exciton decay due to exciton-phonon and exciton-exciton scattering, photon leakage, and blueshift of the exciton resonance due to interactions. We find nontrivial stationary solutions reminiscent of the Kapitza pendulum, where polaritons are accumulated at the upper branch while the lower branch empties.
We theoretically analyze exciton-photon oscillatory dynamics within a homogenous polariton gas in the presence of energy detuning between the cavity and quantum well modes. Whereas pure Rabi oscillations consist of the particle exchange between the photon and exciton states in the polariton system without any oscillations of the phases of the two subcondensates, we demonstrate that any nonzero detuning results in oscillations of the relative phase of the photon and exciton macroscopic wave functions. Different initial conditions reveal a variety of behaviors of the relative phase between the two condensates, and a crossover from Rabi-like to Josephson-like oscillations is predicted.
A physical mechanism of the implementation of undamped Rabi oscillations in the system of exciton polaritons in a semiconductor microcavity in the presence of nonresonant pumping has been proposed. Various mechanisms of the stimulated scattering of excitons from the reservoir have been considered. It has been shown that undamped oscillations of the population of the photon component of the condensate can be caused by the feeding of a coherent Rabi oscillator owing to the pair scattering of excitons from the reservoir to the ground state. The effect should be observed in spite of a more intense relaxation of polaritons of the upper branch observed experimentally.
We investigate the physics of coherent polaritons in a double-well configuration under a resonant pumping. For a continuous-wave pump, bistability and self-pulsing regimes are identified as a function of the pump energy and intensity. The response to an additional probe pulse is characterized in the different cases and related to the Bogoliubov modes around the stationary state. Under a pulsed pump, a crossover from Josephson-like oscillations to self-trapping is predicted for increasing pump intensity. The accurateness of the effective two-mode model is assessed by comparing its predictions to a full solution of the nonequilibrium Gross--Pitaevskii equation.
We investigate a coherently driven exciton--photon microcavity with Kerr nonlinearity in the ultrastrong-coupling regime. When the lower and upper polariton branches are well separated in energy, the full Hopfield--Rabi--Kerr model reduces to an effective single-mode description of the lower polariton. We analyze the stability of the lower-polariton steady states. We show that the resulting bistability is qualitatively similar to that in the strong-coupling regime. However, in the ultrastrong-coupling regime counter-rotating processes and the diamagnetic A2A^{2}A2 term renormalize the polariton spectrum and composition, changing the effective detuning Δ~1\tildeΔ_{1}Δ~1​ and nonlinearity ULPU_{\mathrm{LP}}ULP​ ggg-dependency beyond the strong-coupling (RWA) picture. As a result, although the semiclassical bistability criterion keeps its standard Kerr--oscillator form, the turning points and hysteresis window are shifted relative to the strong-coupling prediction.
The system of nonlinear evolution equations was obtained for describing the time evolution of densities of pump, signal, and idler microcavity polaritons. It was shown that the period and amplitude of oscillations of the polariton densities essentially depend on the initial densities of polaritons, initial phase difference, and resonance detuning. For the definite relation between the parameters, the aperiodic evolution of the system is also possible; it represents the conversion of only the part of pump polaritons, by which the evolution of the system is finished. The significant dependence of the period and amplitude of polariton oscillations on the initial phase difference evidences the possibility of the phase controlling of the polariton dynamics. The damping of the system of coherent polaritons leads to the oscillatory decay of polariton density in time, the rate of which is defined by the polariton damping constants.