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Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics Letters

On the mechanism of the maintenance of Rabi oscillations in the system of exciton polaritons in a microcavity

Sevak Demirchyan, Igor Yu. Chestnov, Sergei M Arakelyan, A. P. Alodjants, Alexey Vitalievich Kavokin

Published Jan 1, 2016• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A physical mechanism of the implementation of undamped Rabi oscillations in the system of exciton polaritons in a semiconductor microcavity in the presence of nonresonant pumping has been proposed. Various mechanisms of the stimulated scattering of excitons from the reservoir have been considered. It has been shown that undamped oscillations of the population of the photon component of the condensate can be caused by the feeding of a coherent Rabi oscillator owing to the pair scattering of excitons from the reservoir to the ground state. The effect should be observed in spite of a more intense relaxation of polaritons of the upper branch observed experimentally.

DOI
10.1134/s0021364016010045

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A physical mechanism of the implementation of undamped Rabi oscillations in the system of exciton polaritons in a semiconductor microcavity in the presence of nonresonant pumping has been proposed. Various mechanisms of the stimulated scattering of excitons from the reservoir have been considered. It has been shown that undamped oscillations of the population of the photon component of the condensate can be caused by the feeding of a coherent Rabi oscillator owing to the pair scattering of excitons from the reservoir to the ground state. The effect should be observed in spite of a more intense relaxation of polaritons of the upper branch observed experimentally.
Exciton-photon beats known as polariton Rabi oscillations in semiconductor microcavities are usually excited by short pulses of light. We consider a different pumping scheme, assuming a cw pumping of the Rabi oscillator from an exciton reservoir. We account for the initial pulse of light setting the phase, exciton decay due to exciton-phonon and exciton-exciton scattering, photon leakage, and blueshift of the exciton resonance due to interactions. We find nontrivial stationary solutions reminiscent of the Kapitza pendulum, where polaritons are accumulated at the upper branch while the lower branch empties.
A model is presented for the recent observation of the preservation of vacuum-field Rabi oscillations in cavity polaritons following momentum relaxation provided by disorder in the quantum well which is embedded within a planar optical microcavity. The quantum dynamics at the excitation and the observed wave vectors are treated explicitly, while all other momentum states are integrated out. Coherence effects such as vacuum-field Rabi oscillations at the observation wave vector with an envelope giving a rise time determined by the exciton inhomogeneous width are predicted. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
The reported work describes different regimes of exciton-polariton oscillatory dynamics in a microcavity, in the conservative case as well as in the presence of continuous-wave pumping from the high-energy excitonic reservoir. Accounting for exciton-photon energy detuning, linear and non-linear decay, gain, and interactions, we discuss the influence of different ingredients of the system on the dynamics in conservative and non-conservative cases, and show the existence of non-trivial regimes reminiscent of internal Josephson effect, van der Pol oscillations, and the inverted Kapitza pendulum. Conditions of experimental observation of the predicted effects are considered.
A transient spectroscopy technique for studying near-condensate modes of exciton polaritons in high-quality-factor planar semiconductor microcavities is proposed. It is demonstrated that, under the conditions of coherent external pumping, the transition to the upper steady state of an optically bistable condensate is accompanied by the excitation of near-condensate modes. They manifest themselves in the appearance of transient oscillations of the polariton intensity as the system switches to the upper branch of the S-shaped bistable pump dependence of the intensity. Analysis of the time-resolved spectra of these oscillations provides information on interactions in the system and the evolution of the exciton-polariton condensate density.
We propose a novel physical mechanism for the creation of long-lived macroscopic exciton-photon qubits in semiconductor microcavities with embedded quantum wells in the strong coupling regime. The polariton qubit is a superposition of lower branch and upper branch exciton-polariton states. We argue that the coherence time of Rabi oscillations can be dramatically enhanced due to their stimulated pumping from a permanent thermal reservoir of polaritons. We discuss applications of such qubits for quantum information processing, cloning, and storage purposes.
The wavefunction of a collection of identical quantum particles of integer spin (bosons) is even under exchange of the coordinates of any two of them. This symmetrization rule of quantum mechanics leads to stimulation of the scattering rate into final states whose population is larger than one. For massless photons, it is routinely observed in the laser. For massive bosons, most previous efforts concentrated in realizing the largely populated equilibrium Bose-Einstein condensate, and observing stimulated emission into it. Here we show that we do not need to produce such a condensate to observe final state stimulation. Instead, we take advantage of the highly non-equilibrium exciton reservoir and of the large polariton populations produced by external laser action on a semiconductor microcavity, and measure final state stimulation of the scattering rate of these excitons into the polaritons.