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arXiv:1401.3509 · Physical Review Letters

Qubits Based on Polariton Rabi Oscillators

Sevak Demirchyan, Igor Yu. Chestnov, A. P. Alodjants, Михаил Михайлович Глазов, Alexey Vitalievich Kavokin

Published May 15, 2014• 66 citations
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Abstract

We propose a novel physical mechanism for the creation of long-lived macroscopic exciton-photon qubits in semiconductor microcavities with embedded quantum wells in the strong coupling regime. The polariton qubit is a superposition of lower branch and upper branch exciton-polariton states. We argue that the coherence time of Rabi oscillations can be dramatically enhanced due to their stimulated pumping from a permanent thermal reservoir of polaritons. We discuss applications of such qubits for quantum information processing, cloning, and storage purposes.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.112.196403

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A physical mechanism of the implementation of undamped Rabi oscillations in the system of exciton polaritons in a semiconductor microcavity in the presence of nonresonant pumping has been proposed. Various mechanisms of the stimulated scattering of excitons from the reservoir have been considered. It has been shown that undamped oscillations of the population of the photon component of the condensate can be caused by the feeding of a coherent Rabi oscillator owing to the pair scattering of excitons from the reservoir to the ground state. The effect should be observed in spite of a more intense relaxation of polaritons of the upper branch observed experimentally.
Creating sufficiently strong entanglement between exciton-polaritons is a step of utmost importance towards the exploitation of these systems in quantum information processing with continuous variables. The generation of entanglement relies on the strength of the nonlinearity, which is weak for semiconductor microcavities. Recently, a way to essentially amplify the nonlinearity strength in these systems using two coherent laser fields was suggested, leading in theory to the creation of a fair amount of entanglement between exciton-polaritons in coupled cavities and networks in general. Throughout this process, the Josephson coupling and the enhanced nonlinearity in the two coupled cavities are held constant, with the former always larger. In this work we show that the entanglement generated with the above procedure can be substantially enhanced with the appropriate on-off switching of Josephson coupling between the cavities. Furthermore, we show that if we consider a time-dependent enhanced nonlinearity, through the modulation of the corresponding coherent laser fields, and allow it to attain larger values than the Josephson coupling, then we can generate larger values of entanglement using shortcuts to adiabaticity, a method developed to accelerate quantum adiabatic dynamics. The suggested methodologies are not restricted to exciton-polaritons but are expected to find applications in a wide spectrum of physical contexts, where nonlinear interacting bosons are encountered.
A model is presented for the recent observation of the preservation of vacuum-field Rabi oscillations in cavity polaritons following momentum relaxation provided by disorder in the quantum well which is embedded within a planar optical microcavity. The quantum dynamics at the excitation and the observed wave vectors are treated explicitly, while all other momentum states are integrated out. Coherence effects such as vacuum-field Rabi oscillations at the observation wave vector with an envelope giving a rise time determined by the exciton inhomogeneous width are predicted. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
We present an overview of our results concerning the influence of two-pair continuum coherences on the transient nonlinear optical response of semiconductor microcavities. We show that the interplay between these 4-particle coherences and the nonperturbative light-matter interaction produces highly desirable almost decoherence-free exciton-exciton collisions on the lower polariton branch. This effect gives rise to the very different nonlinear absorption rates on the two polariton branches observed in many experiments and make possible to reach a very high degree of amplification in samples with large Rabi splitting. Moreover, we show that the availability of almost decoherence free exciton-exciton collisions can be used for the realization of coherent trapping of polariton emission and amplification. This coherent manipulation and trapping of many-particle polariton states can be performed employing both ultrafast and continuous wave operation.