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Quantum Optics and Photon Counting

Efficient entanglement generation in exciton-polaritons using quantum control

Dionisis Stefanatos, Emmanuel Paspalakis

Published Apr 30, 2019• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Creating sufficiently strong entanglement between exciton-polaritons is a step of utmost importance towards the exploitation of these systems in quantum information processing with continuous variables. The generation of entanglement relies on the strength of the nonlinearity, which is weak for semiconductor microcavities. Recently, a way to essentially amplify the nonlinearity strength in these systems using two coherent laser fields was suggested, leading in theory to the creation of a fair amount of entanglement between exciton-polaritons in coupled cavities and networks in general. Throughout this process, the Josephson coupling and the enhanced nonlinearity in the two coupled cavities are held constant, with the former always larger. In this work we show that the entanglement generated with the above procedure can be substantially enhanced with the appropriate on-off switching of Josephson coupling between the cavities. Furthermore, we show that if we consider a time-dependent enhanced nonlinearity, through the modulation of the corresponding coherent laser fields, and allow it to attain larger values than the Josephson coupling, then we can generate larger values of entanglement using shortcuts to adiabaticity, a method developed to accelerate quantum adiabatic dynamics. The suggested methodologies are not restricted to exciton-polaritons but are expected to find applications in a wide spectrum of physical contexts, where nonlinear interacting bosons are encountered.

DOI
10.1117/12.2520672

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Creating sufficiently strong entanglement between exciton-polaritons is a step of utmost importance towards the exploitation of these systems in quantum information processing with continuous variables. The generation of entanglement relies on the strength of the nonlinearity, which is weak for semiconductor microcavities. Recently, a way to essentially amplify the nonlinearity strength in these systems using two coherent laser fields was suggested, leading in theory to the creation of a fair amount of entanglement between exciton-polaritons in coupled cavities and networks in general. Throughout this process, the Josephson coupling and the enhanced nonlinearity in the two coupled cavities are held constant, with the former always larger. In this work we show that the entanglement generated with the above procedure can be substantially enhanced with the appropriate on-off switching of Josephson coupling between the cavities. Furthermore, we show that if we consider a time-dependent enhanced nonlinearity, through the modulation of the corresponding coherent laser fields, and allow it to attain larger values than the Josephson coupling, then we can generate larger values of entanglement using shortcuts to adiabaticity, a method developed to accelerate quantum adiabatic dynamics. The suggested methodologies are not restricted to exciton-polaritons but are expected to find applications in a wide spectrum of physical contexts, where nonlinear interacting bosons are encountered.
We use shortcuts to adiabaticity, a method introduced to speed up adiabatic quantum dynamics, for the efficient generation of entanglement between exciton-polaritons in coupled semiconductor microcavities. A substantial improvement is achieved, compared to a recently proposed method that essentially enhances the nonlinearity of the system. Our method takes advantage of a time-dependent nonlinearity, which can become larger than the Josephson coupling between the cavities, while the conventional method is restricted to a constant nonlinearity lower than the coupling. The suggested procedure is expected to also find application in other research areas in optics, where nonlinear interacting bosons are encountered.
We show that the appropriate on-off switching of Josephson coupling between exciton-polaritons in coupled semiconductor microcavities can reveal the full capacity for generating entanglement with a recently proposed method which essentially enhances the nonlinearity of the system. The improvement achieved with this simple modulation of the coupling is substantial over the case where it is kept constant. We also show that even better results can be obtained with the additional on-off switching of the enhanced nonlinearity. The suggested procedure is expected to find also application in other research areas, where nonlinear interacting bosons are encountered.
In this article we consider a bosonic Josephson junction, a model system composed by two coupled nonlinear quantum oscillators which can be implemented in various physical contexts, initially prepared in a product of weakly populated coherent states. We quantify the maximum achievable entanglement between the modes of the junction and then use shortcuts to adiabaticity , a method developed to speed up adiabatic quantum dynamics, as well as numerical optimization, to find time-dependent controls (the nonlinearity and the coupling of the junction) which bring the system to a maximally entangled state.
We provide a systemic theory to entangle excitons with microcavity photons. This is realized by adopting an exciton-optomechanics system and introducing a nonlinear dispersive interaction with a mechanical oscillator. We show that when either the exciton and cavity modes in the weak-coupling regime, or the two exciton-polariton modes in the strong-coupling regime are, respectively, resonant with the optomechanical Stokes and anti-Stokes sidebands, entanglement between excitons and cavity photons, or between two exciton polaritons, can be established. The entanglement is in the steady state and can potentially be achievable at room temperature. In both cases, genuine tripartite entanglement is shown to be present. Published by the American Physical Society 2024
The hybridization of light and matter excitations in the form of polaritons has enabled major advances in understanding and controlling optical nonlinearities. Entering the quantum regime of strong interactions between individual photons has, however, remained challenging since the strength of achievable polariton interactions is typically limited by the available interactions in the material. Here, we investigate collisions between dark-state polaritons in three-level systems and discover a resonant process that yields effective interactions, which are much larger than the underlying interaction between their matter constituents. We systematically investigate the underlying mechanism and demonstrate a substantial enhancement of polariton interactions by several orders of magnitude. This suggests a promising approach to quantum nonlinear optics in a range of physical settings, from atomic gases to excitons in semiconductors and two-dimensional bilayer materials.
Quantum state preparation through external control is fundamental to established methods in quantum information processing and in studies of dynamics. In this respect, excitons in semiconductor quantum dots are of particular interest, since their coupling to light allows them to be driven into a specified state using the coherent interaction with a tuned optical field, such as an external laser pulse. We propose a protocol, based on adiabatic rapid passage, for the creation of entangled states in an ensemble of pairwise coupled two-level systems, such as an ensemble of coupled quantum dots. We show by quantitative analysis using realistic parameters for semiconductor quantum dots that this method is feasible where other approaches are unavailable. Furthermore, this scheme can be generically transferred to some other physical systems, including circuit QED, nuclear and electron spins in solid-state environments, and photonic coupled cavities.