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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC)

Theory of entangled-photon generation via cavity bipolaritons

Hisaki Oka, Hajime Ishihara

Published Jun 1, 2007• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

Nonlinear optical response of cavity polaritons formed in high-g semiconductor microcavities has attracted much attention because of their potential applications to entangled-photon sources and other quantum information technologies. Theoretical ideas of entangled-photon generation, e.g., biexcitonic cavity quantum electrodynamics and polariton-polariton scattering, have been suggested, however these theories are limited in scope of target because they restrict two-exciton states to either biexciton or unbound two-exciton states. As for exciton system with small binding energy of biexciton, it is likely that the interplay between the biexciton and unbound two-exciton states have much impact on generation efficiency of entangled photons. The authors introduces a general model including both biexciton and unbound two-exciton states and discuss generation efficiency of entangled photons.

DOI
10.1109/cleoe-iqec.2007.4386952

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Nonlinear optical response of cavity polaritons formed in high-g semiconductor microcavities has attracted much attention because of their potential applications to entangled-photon sources and other quantum information technologies. Theoretical ideas of entangled-photon generation, e.g., biexcitonic cavity quantum electrodynamics and polariton-polariton scattering, have been suggested, however these theories are limited in scope of target because they restrict two-exciton states to either biexciton or unbound two-exciton states. As for exciton system with small binding energy of biexciton, it is likely that the interplay between the biexciton and unbound two-exciton states have much impact on generation efficiency of entangled photons. The authors introduces a general model including both biexciton and unbound two-exciton states and discuss generation efficiency of entangled photons.
We theoretically investigate entangled-photon generation via a biexciton in a planar microcavity. Owing to strong exciton-photon coupling, the biexciton in the cavity produces a bound two-cavity-polariton state (cavity bipolariton). Entangled photons are generated by the cascade decay of the cavity bipolariton. We propose a novel scheme for highly efficient entangled-photon generation by controlling the cavity bipolariton states. It is shown that highly efficient generation can be achieved when a weak cavity bipolariton, formed by a biexciton and unbound cavity polaritons, is realized.
We theoretically investigate the four-wave mixing (FWM) of a biexciton in a microcavity in the framework of cavity bipolariton. Cavity bipolaritons are stably formed in the strong-coupling regime with an exciton-cavity coupling comparable to the biexciton binding energy. The FWM signal obtained from our bipolariton model, where the biexciton and unbound two-exciton states form a complete system, agrees well with the experimental data [Baars et al., Phys. Rev. B 63, 165311 (2001)]. A strong FWM signal is obtained when a cavity bipolariton is formed by a superposition state of a biexciton and unbound two-cavity-polariton states. We also analyze the dynamics of the formation of biexciton and cavity polaritons by numerically solving the optical master equation in time domain. Efficient excitation of cavity bipolariton requires a specific pulse duration and/or pulse delay so that two-cavity polaritons are formed before the biexciton is excited.
Abstract We theoretically investigate entangled‐photon generation via biexciton in a planar microcavity. When the exciton‐photon coupling is comparable to the biexciton binding energy, the biexciton can be stably coupled with the cavity photons (referred to as a cavity biexciton). Entangled photons are generated by the cascade decay of the cavity biexciton. We show that high‐efficient generation of entangled photons can be achieved when the superposition state of a cavity biexciton and two cavity polaritons formed by unbound two‐exciton states is realized. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Creating sufficiently strong entanglement between exciton-polaritons is a step of utmost importance towards the exploitation of these systems in quantum information processing with continuous variables. The generation of entanglement relies on the strength of the nonlinearity, which is weak for semiconductor microcavities. Recently, a way to essentially amplify the nonlinearity strength in these systems using two coherent laser fields was suggested, leading in theory to the creation of a fair amount of entanglement between exciton-polaritons in coupled cavities and networks in general. Throughout this process, the Josephson coupling and the enhanced nonlinearity in the two coupled cavities are held constant, with the former always larger. In this work we show that the entanglement generated with the above procedure can be substantially enhanced with the appropriate on-off switching of Josephson coupling between the cavities. Furthermore, we show that if we consider a time-dependent enhanced nonlinearity, through the modulation of the corresponding coherent laser fields, and allow it to attain larger values than the Josephson coupling, then we can generate larger values of entanglement using shortcuts to adiabaticity, a method developed to accelerate quantum adiabatic dynamics. The suggested methodologies are not restricted to exciton-polaritons but are expected to find applications in a wide spectrum of physical contexts, where nonlinear interacting bosons are encountered.
The use of quantum light to probe exciton properties in semiconductor and molecular nanostructures typically occurs in the low-intensity regime. A substantial enhancement of exciton-photon coupling can be achieved with photonic cavities, where excitons hybridize with cavity modes to form polariton states. To provide a theoretical framework for interpreting emerging experimental efforts in this direction, we develop a scattering theory describing the interaction of frequency-entangled photon pairs with cavity polariton and bipolariton states under various coupling regimes. Employing the Tavis-Cummings model in combination with our scattering approach, we present a quantitative analysis of how the interaction of the entangled photon pair with the polariton/bipolariton modifies its joint spectral amplitude (JSA). Specifically, we examine the effects of the cavity-mode steady-state population, exciton-cavity coupling strength, and different forms of the input photon JSA. Our results show that the entanglement entropy of the scattered photons is highly sensitive to the interplay between the input JSA and the spectral line shapes of the polariton resonances, emphasizing the cavity filtering effects. We suggest that biphoton scattering quantum light spectroscopy best serves as a sensitive probe of polariton and bipolariton states in the photon-vacuum cavity state. Our approach is not only robust to various regimes of cavity-exciton coupling, but also amenable to extensions beyond the Tavis-Cummings model, enabling the representation of a broad class of molecular systems and solid state quantum materials.