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Physical Review Letters

Highly Efficient Generation of Entangled Photons by Controlling Cavity Bipolariton States

Hisaki Oka, Hajime Ishihara

Published Apr 30, 2008• 48 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We theoretically investigate entangled-photon generation via a biexciton in a planar microcavity. Owing to strong exciton-photon coupling, the biexciton in the cavity produces a bound two-cavity-polariton state (cavity bipolariton). Entangled photons are generated by the cascade decay of the cavity bipolariton. We propose a novel scheme for highly efficient entangled-photon generation by controlling the cavity bipolariton states. It is shown that highly efficient generation can be achieved when a weak cavity bipolariton, formed by a biexciton and unbound cavity polaritons, is realized.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.100.170505

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We theoretically investigate entangled-photon generation via a biexciton in a planar microcavity. Owing to strong exciton-photon coupling, the biexciton in the cavity produces a bound two-cavity-polariton state (cavity bipolariton). Entangled photons are generated by the cascade decay of the cavity bipolariton. We propose a novel scheme for highly efficient entangled-photon generation by controlling the cavity bipolariton states. It is shown that highly efficient generation can be achieved when a weak cavity bipolariton, formed by a biexciton and unbound cavity polaritons, is realized.
Abstract We theoretically investigate entangled‐photon generation via biexciton in a planar microcavity. When the exciton‐photon coupling is comparable to the biexciton binding energy, the biexciton can be stably coupled with the cavity photons (referred to as a cavity biexciton). Entangled photons are generated by the cascade decay of the cavity biexciton. We show that high‐efficient generation of entangled photons can be achieved when the superposition state of a cavity biexciton and two cavity polaritons formed by unbound two‐exciton states is realized. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Nonlinear optical response of cavity polaritons formed in high-g semiconductor microcavities has attracted much attention because of their potential applications to entangled-photon sources and other quantum information technologies. Theoretical ideas of entangled-photon generation, e.g., biexcitonic cavity quantum electrodynamics and polariton-polariton scattering, have been suggested, however these theories are limited in scope of target because they restrict two-exciton states to either biexciton or unbound two-exciton states. As for exciton system with small binding energy of biexciton, it is likely that the interplay between the biexciton and unbound two-exciton states have much impact on generation efficiency of entangled photons. The authors introduces a general model including both biexciton and unbound two-exciton states and discuss generation efficiency of entangled photons.
A scheme is proposed for the generation of polarization- and frequency-entangled photons in a semiconductor planar microcavity. Photon entanglement can be achieved by converting two lower polariton branches with symmetric in-plane momenta into lower and upper polariton branches with zero in-plane momentum via a biexciton state. The phase-matching condition is satisfied for a microcavity with cavity detuning equal to the biexciton binding energy. The generation efficiency and energy control of the entangled photons are demonstrated for a CuCl microcavity as an example.
We present a scheme for the fast cavity-assisted generation of entangled photon pairs from a single quantum dot coupled to a planar photonic crystal that support two orthogonally polarized cavity modes. We discuss ``within generation'' and ``across generation'' of entangled photons when both the biexciton to exciton, and the exciton to ground-state transitions, are coupled through cavity modes. In the across generation, the photon entanglement is restored through a time delay between the photons. The concurrence, which is a measure of the entanglement between two photons, is greater than 0.7 and 0.8 using experimentally achievable parameters in across generation and within generation, respectively. We also show that the entanglement can be distilled in both cases using a simple spectral filter.
We show theoretically that entangled photon pairs can be produced on demand through the biexciton decay of a quantum dot strongly coupled to the modes of a photonic crystal. The strong coupling allows us to tune the energy of the mixed exciton-photon (polariton) eigenmodes and to overcome the natural splitting existing between the exciton states coupled with different linear polarizations of light. Polariton states are moreover well protected against dephasing due to their lifetime of ten to a hundred times shorter than that of a bare exciton. Our analysis shows that the scheme proposed is achievable with the present technology.
We theoretically investigate the four-wave mixing (FWM) of a biexciton in a microcavity in the framework of cavity bipolariton. Cavity bipolaritons are stably formed in the strong-coupling regime with an exciton-cavity coupling comparable to the biexciton binding energy. The FWM signal obtained from our bipolariton model, where the biexciton and unbound two-exciton states form a complete system, agrees well with the experimental data [Baars et al., Phys. Rev. B 63, 165311 (2001)]. A strong FWM signal is obtained when a cavity bipolariton is formed by a superposition state of a biexciton and unbound two-cavity-polariton states. We also analyze the dynamics of the formation of biexciton and cavity polaritons by numerically solving the optical master equation in time domain. Efficient excitation of cavity bipolariton requires a specific pulse duration and/or pulse delay so that two-cavity polaritons are formed before the biexciton is excited.