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AIP conference proceedings

Coupled exciton-photon Bose condensate: Non-Markovian character of the open system

Andrei A. Elistratov, Yu. E. Lozovik

Published Jan 1, 2017• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

For an nonequilibrium system, in the framework of the Keldysh formalism we explore the kinetics of the polariton condensate in a quantum well embedded in an optical microcavity taking into account pumping and leakage of excitons and photons. We make ab initio derivation of the quantum kinetic equations for the condensates and for reservoirs. We show that the real open polariton system has the non-Markovian character at times comparable to the Rabi oscillation period.

DOI
10.1063/1.4998038

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For an nonequilibrium system, in the framework of the Keldysh formalism we explore the kinetics of the polariton condensate in a quantum well embedded in an optical microcavity taking into account pumping and leakage of excitons and photons. We make ab initio derivation of the quantum kinetic equations for the condensates and for reservoirs. We show that the real open polariton system has the non-Markovian character at times comparable to the Rabi oscillation period.
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Abstract The dynamics of an exciton–polariton Bose–Einstein condensate in an optical microcavity was considered. A novel version of the stochastic Gross–Pitaevskii equation was proposed to describe the condensate evolution under the non-Markovian interaction with the environment. The proposed version was used to analyze the condensate dynamics at various temperatures. The phase transition from the homogeneous to the fragmented state of the condensate near a temperature of 15 K was detected. This phase transition is accompanied by a sharp drop in the condensate density and a decrease in the correlation length. It was found that, at a temperature of 10 K, the correlation length oscillates with time. The results obtained indicated the necessity to take into account the non-Markovianity of the condensate interaction with the excitonic reservoir.
Dynamics of exciton-polariton Bose‒Einstein condensate in an optical microcavity is considered. A novel version of stochastic Gross‒Pitaevsky equation for description of condensate evolution under non-Markovian interaction with environment is proposed. Using the proposed version, analysis of condensate dynamics for various temperatures is carried out. The phase transition from a homogeneous to fragmented condensate state near temperature of 15 K is found. This phase transition is accompanied by drop of condensate density and decrease of correlation length. It is found that correlation length oscillates with time for the temperature of 10 K. The results obtained indicate the necessity to take into account non-Markovianity of condensate interaction with the excitonic reservoir.
The properties of traps for exciton polaritons in a semiconductor optical microcavity with an embedded quantum well were considered. The two-component Bose condensate of photons and excitons was described by a coupled system of equations similar to the Gross-Pitaevskii equations, and analytical solutions in the Thomas-Fermi approximation were obtained for traps with weak exciton confinement. For strong confinement, condensate behavior was investigated numerically, and spatial profiles of coupled condensates of excitons and photons (which appear to be different in general case) were determined.
The properties of traps for exciton polaritons in a semiconductor microcavity with an embedded quantum well have been considered. The behavior of the two-component Bose-Einstein condensate of photons and excitons described by the coupled system of Gross-Pitaevskii equations has been investigated. The analytical solutions for weak-confinement traps have been found in the Thomas-Fermi approximation. In the case of strong confinement, the behavior of the condensate has been investigated and constraints on the possible values of the chemical potential of the system have been obtained. The wavefunctions and generally different spatial profiles of the coupled photon and exciton condensates have been found.
Bose-Einstein condensate of exciton polaritons in a semiconductor microcavity is a macroscopically populated coherent quantum state subject to concurrent pumping and decay. Debates about the fundamental nature of the condensed phase in this open quantum system still persist. Here, we gain a new insight into the spontaneous condensation process by imaging long-lifetime exciton polaritons in a high-quality inorganic microcavity in the single-shot optical excitation regime, without averaging over multiple condensate realisations. In this highly non-stationary regime, a condensate is strongly influenced by the `hot' incoherent reservoir, and reservoir depletion is critical for the transition to the ground energy and momentum state. Condensates formed by more photonic exciton polaritons exhibit dramatic reservoir-induced density filamentation and shot-to-shot fluctuations. In contrast, condensates of more excitonic quasiparticles display smooth density and are second-order coherent. Our observations show that the single-shot measurements offer a unique opportunity to study formation of macroscopic phase coherence during a quantum phase transition in a solid state system.