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Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences Physics

Spatial Coherence of Exciton–Polariton Bose–Einstein Condensates

N. V. Kuznetsova, Денис В. Макаров, Norayr Armenovich Asriyan, A. A. Elistratov, Yu. E. Lozovik

Published Jun 1, 2024• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract The dynamics of an exciton–polariton Bose–Einstein condensate in an optical microcavity was considered. A novel version of the stochastic Gross–Pitaevskii equation was proposed to describe the condensate evolution under the non-Markovian interaction with the environment. The proposed version was used to analyze the condensate dynamics at various temperatures. The phase transition from the homogeneous to the fragmented state of the condensate near a temperature of 15 K was detected. This phase transition is accompanied by a sharp drop in the condensate density and a decrease in the correlation length. It was found that, at a temperature of 10 K, the correlation length oscillates with time. The results obtained indicated the necessity to take into account the non-Markovianity of the condensate interaction with the excitonic reservoir.

DOI
10.1134/s106287382470672x

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Dynamics of exciton-polariton Bose‒Einstein condensate in an optical microcavity is considered. A novel version of stochastic Gross‒Pitaevsky equation for description of condensate evolution under non-Markovian interaction with environment is proposed. Using the proposed version, analysis of condensate dynamics for various temperatures is carried out. The phase transition from a homogeneous to fragmented condensate state near temperature of 15 K is found. This phase transition is accompanied by drop of condensate density and decrease of correlation length. It is found that correlation length oscillates with time for the temperature of 10 K. The results obtained indicate the necessity to take into account non-Markovianity of condensate interaction with the excitonic reservoir.
Abstract We studied the exciton-polariton Bose–Einstein condensation (BEC) under light field manipulation by considering the coupled interaction of the system between exciton-polariton and light. Based on the coupled Gross–Pitaevskii equation (GPE) model and with modified variational method, we analytically derived the solutions of the excitonic system under the polar angle direction perturbation and system rotation. We identified that for different rotational angular velocities and different coupled strengths, the system evolves from a meta-stable oscillation state to monotonically decaying state, with potential for the study of quantum vortex identification for such kind of coupled systems. Our theoretical results can be used to guide the study of the evolution mode of the exciton-polariton system involving coupled interaction.
Bose-Einstein condensate of exciton polaritons in a semiconductor microcavity is a macroscopically populated coherent quantum state subject to concurrent pumping and decay. Debates about the fundamental nature of the condensed phase in this open quantum system still persist. Here, we gain a new insight into the spontaneous condensation process by imaging long-lifetime exciton polaritons in a high-quality inorganic microcavity in the single-shot optical excitation regime, without averaging over multiple condensate realisations. In this highly non-stationary regime, a condensate is strongly influenced by the `hot' incoherent reservoir, and reservoir depletion is critical for the transition to the ground energy and momentum state. Condensates formed by more photonic exciton polaritons exhibit dramatic reservoir-induced density filamentation and shot-to-shot fluctuations. In contrast, condensates of more excitonic quasiparticles display smooth density and are second-order coherent. Our observations show that the single-shot measurements offer a unique opportunity to study formation of macroscopic phase coherence during a quantum phase transition in a solid state system.
We report on time-resolved measurements of the first order spatial coherence in an exciton-polariton Bose-Einstein condensate. Long-range spatial coherence is found to set in right at the onset of stimulated scattering, on a picosecond time scale. The coherence reaches its maximum value after the population and decays slowly, staying up to a few hundred picoseconds. This behavior can be qualitatively reproduced, using a stochastic classical field model describing interaction between the polariton condensate and the exciton reservoir within a disordered potential.