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arXiv:quant-ph/0110167 · Journal of Modern Optics

A family of exact eigenstates for a single trapped ion interacting with a laser field

H. M. Moya-Cessa, Daniel Jonathan, P. L. Knight

Published Jan 1, 2003• 34 citations
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Abstract

We show that, under certain combinations of the parameters governing the interaction of a harmonically trapped ion with a laser beam, it is possible to find one or more exact eigenstates of the Hamiltonian, with no approximations except the optical rotating-wave approximation. These are related via a unitary equivalence to exact eigenstates of the full Jaynes-Cummings model (including counter-rotating terms) supplemented by a static driving term.

DOI
10.1080/09500340210149633

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•Jan 1, 2008•0 citations
We show that, under certain combinations of the parameters governing the interaction of a harmonically trapped ion with a laser beam, it is possible to find one or more exact eigenstates of the Hamiltonian, with no approximations except the optical rotating-wave approximation. These are related via a unitary equivalence to exact eigenstates of the full Jaynes-Cummings model (including counter-rotating terms) supplemented by a static driving term.
We present a second-order perturbative analysis of the model describing a two-level trapped ion interacting with a travelling laser field, in the Lamb–Dicke regime. Unlike the customary approach, based on the interaction picture and the rotating wave approximation, we reduce the original Hamiltonian to a time-independent model, unitarily equivalent to a spin-boson model, which features a form well suited to apply the perturbation theory. We determine the first- and second-order corrections of eigenstates and eigenvalues. By varying the interaction parameters we identify four regimes characterized by different eigenvalue distributions (possibly including level doublets) and suggest the presence of an intermediate regime where the spectrum undergoes macroscopic changes. In this regime, where the perturbation approach does not hold, our reduced Hamiltonian is shown to reproduce the Jaynes–Cummings model.
We consider a single ion confined in a trap under the radiation of two travelling waves of lasers. In the strong-excitation regime and without the restriction of the Lamb–Dicke limit, the Hamiltonian of the system is similar to a driving Jaynes–Cummings model without the rotating wave approximation (RWA). The approach we developed enables us to present complete eigensolutions, which makes it possible to compare with the solutions under the RWA. We find that the ground state in our non-RWA solution is energetically lower than the counterpart under the RWA. If we have the ion in the ground state, it is equivalent to a spin dependent force on the trapped ion. Discussion is given for the difference between the solutions with and without the RWA, and for the relevant experimental test, as well as for the possible application to quantum information processing.
The interaction between an atom and a one mode external driving field is an ubiquitous problem in many branches of physics and is often modeled using the Rabi Hamiltonian. In this paper we present a series of analytically solvable Hamiltonians that approximate the Rabi Hamiltonian and compare our results to the Jaynes-Cummings model which neglects the so-called counter-rotating term in the Rabi Hamiltonian. Through a unitary transformation that diagonalizes the Jaynes-Cummings model, we transform the counter-rotating term into separate terms representing several different physical processes. By keeping only certain terms, we can achieve an excellent approximation to the exact dynamics within specified parameter ranges.
Actually it is possible to trap single ions in Paul or Penning traps, charged particles are confined in space via electromagnetic fields. A trapped ion can have a lot vibrational energy which is undesirable in some applications. In this thesis, starting from the Hamiltonian of a trapped ion in a harmonic potential, it is shown that is possible to get Jaynes-Cummings and anti- Jaynes- Cummings¬like transitions in the intermediate intensity regime, that is, adjusting the intensity of the laser that induce the coupling between the intemal and vibrational states of the ion proportionally to the vibrational frequency of the ion; these transitions are useful because make possible to extract the vibrational energy. In our treatment we consider that the ion and the laser are in resonance what eliminate the need of using tuned lasers.\nAlso, the problem of a trapped ion in a trap with time-dependent parameters interacting with a laser field is analyzed. By using a set of time-dependent unitary transformations is shown that this system is equivalent to the interaction between a quantized field and a two level system with time dependent parameters. The Hamiltonian is linearized in such a way that can be solved with methods that are found in some papers and that involve time-dependent parameters. The linearization is free of approximations and assumptions on the parameters of the system as are, for instance, the Lamb-Dicke parameter, the time-dependency of the frequency trap and the detuning, with what we can obtain the best solution for this kind of sytem.