Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

arXiv:quant-ph/0510225 · Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics

Exactly solvable approximating models for Rabi Hamiltonian dynamics

Andrey Pereverzev, Eric R. Bittner

Published Jan 1, 2006• 12 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

The interaction between an atom and a one mode external driving field is an ubiquitous problem in many branches of physics and is often modeled using the Rabi Hamiltonian. In this paper we present a series of analytically solvable Hamiltonians that approximate the Rabi Hamiltonian and compare our results to the Jaynes-Cummings model which neglects the so-called counter-rotating term in the Rabi Hamiltonian. Through a unitary transformation that diagonalizes the Jaynes-Cummings model, we transform the counter-rotating term into separate terms representing several different physical processes. By keeping only certain terms, we can achieve an excellent approximation to the exact dynamics within specified parameter ranges.

DOI
10.1039/b517470h

Related papers

Analytical Solution for the Anisotropic Rabi Model: Effects of Counter-Rotating Terms

Guofeng Zhang, Han‐Jie Zhu

The anisotropic Rabi model, which was proposed recently, differs from the original Rabi model: the rotating and counter-rotating terms are governed by two different coupling constants. This feature allows us to vary the counter-rotating interaction independently and explore the effects of it on some quantum properties. In this paper, we eliminate the counter-rotating terms approximately and obtain the analytical energy spectrums and wavefunctions. These analytical results agree well with the numerical calculations in a wide range of the parameters including the ultrastrong coupling regime. In the weak counter-rotating coupling limit we find out that the counter-rotating terms can be considered as the shifts to the parameters of the Jaynes-Cummings model. This modification shows the validness of the rotating-wave approximation on the assumption of near-resonance and relatively weak coupling. Moreover, the analytical expressions of several physics quantities are also derived, and the results show the break-down of the U(1)-symmetry and the deviation from the Jaynes-Cummings model.

arXiv:1503.06538•Scientific Reports•Mar 4, 2015•22 citations

A Class of Quasi-exact Solutions of Rabi Hamiltonian

Feng Pan, Yao You-Kun, Mingxia Xie +2 more

A class of quasi-exact solutions of the Rabi Hamiltonian, which describes a two-level atom interacting with a single-mode radiation field via a dipole interaction without the rotating-wave approximation, are obtained by using a wavefunction ansatz. Exact solutions for part of the spectrum are obtained when the atom-field coupling strength and the field frequency satisfy certain relations. As an example, the lowest exact energy level and the corresponding atom-field entanglement at the quasi-exactly solvable point are calculated and compared to results from the Jaynes–Cummings and counter-rotating cases of the Rabi Hamiltonian.

Communications in Theoretical Physics•Jul 1, 2007•3 citations

The anti-Jaynes-Cummings model is solvable : quantum Rabi model in rotating and counter-rotating frames ; following the experiments

Joseph Akeyo Omolo

Abstract This article is a response to the continued assumption, cited even in reports and reviews of recent experimental breakthroughs and advances in theoretical methods, that the antiJaynes-Cummings (AJC)interaction is an intractable energy non-conserving component of the quantum Rabi model (QRM). We present three key features of QRM dynamics : (a) the AJC interaction component has a conserved excitation number operator and is exactly solvable (b) QRM dynamical space consists of a rotating frame (RF) dominated by an exactly solved Jaynes-Cummings (JC) interaction specied by a conserved JC excitation number operator which generates the U(1) symmetry of RF and a correlated counter-rotating frame (CRF) dominated by an exactly solved antiJaynes-Cummings (AJC) interaction specied by a conserved AJC excitation number operator which generates the U(1) symmetry of CRF (c) for QRM dynamical evolution in RF, the initial atom-eld state je0i is an eigenstate of the effective AJC Hamiltonian HAJC, while the effective JC Hamiltonian HJC drives this initial state je0i into a time evolving entangled state, and, in a corresponding process for QRM dynamical evolution in CRF, the initial atom-eld state jg0i is an eigenstate of the effective JC Hamiltonian, while the effective AJC Hamiltonian drives this initial state jg0i into a time evolving entangled state, thus addressing one of the long-standing challenges of theoretical and experimental QRM dynamics; consistent generalizations of the initial states je0i , jg0i to corresponding n 0 entangled eigenstates j+en i , j 􀀀g ni of the AJC in RF and JC in CRF, respectively, provides general dynamical evolution of QRM characterized by collapses and revivals in the time evolution of the atomic, eld mode, JC and AJC excitation numbers for large initial photon numbers ; the JC and AJC excitation numbers are conserved in the respective frames RF, CRF, but each evolves with time in the alternate frame.

arXiv:2103.09546•Apr 8, 2021•3 citations

Conditions under which the Jaynes-Cummings model becomes inapplicable

Wei Guo

It is well known that, under the rotating-wave approximation, the Rabi Hamiltonian, which describes the interaction between a two-level atom and a single field mode, reduces to the Jaynes-Cummings model through exclusion of its counter-rotating term. In this work, it is found that, since photons in the mode are indistinguishable, there exist two conditions where the counter-rotating term can never be ignored. These conditions, all subject to the requirements that the atom-mode coupling is weak and the atom is initially in its ground state, are obtained in the stationary perturbation theory and confirmed through an analysis of the atom-mode system's evolution.

Physical Review A•Sep 17, 2009•7 citations

Jaynes-Cummings model: What emerges first beyond the rotating-wave approximation?

S. M. He, Qing‐Hu Chen, Xuezao Ren +2 more

The Jaynes-Cummings model without the rotating-wave approximation can be solved exactly by extended Swain's ansatz with the conserved parity. The analytical approximations are then performed at different levels. The well-known rotating-wave approximation is naturally covered in the present zero and first approximations. The effect of the counter rotating-wave term emerges clearly in the second order approximation. The concise analytical expressions are given explicitly and can be applicable up to the ultra-strong coupling regime. The preliminary application to the vacuum Rabi splitting is shown to be very successful.

arXiv:1203.2410•Mar 12, 2012•0 citations

Eigenvalues and Eigenstates of Quantum Rabi Model

Andrei V. Ivanov

The scientific interest in the analytical solution of the quantum Rabi model is due to the widespread use of this simple model in quantum optics, quantum computing, cavity QED, and nanoelectromechanical systems. This interest is related to the need for the theoretical description of the interaction of a two-level system with a quantum oscillator in the case when the rotating wave approximation fails. In this Letter, we present an approach to the exact diagonalization of the quantum Rabi Hamiltonian. This approach is based on the properties of the Pauli operators and allows us to readily solve the stationary Schrodinger equation for a two-level system. First, we demonstrate the applicability of the approach to the Jaynes-Cummings Hamiltonian to get the well-known solution. Then, we obtain the eigenvalues and eigenstates for the quantum Rabi Hamiltonian using the proposed approach. It is shown that the obtained eigenstates can be represented in the basis of the eigenstates of the Jaynes-Cummings Hamiltonian.

arXiv:2104.12771•Apr 26, 2021•0 citations
The interaction between an atom and a one mode external driving field is an ubiquitous problem in many branches of physics and is often modeled using the Rabi Hamiltonian. In this paper we present a series of analytically solvable Hamiltonians that approximate the Rabi Hamiltonian and compare our results to the Jaynes-Cummings model which neglects the so-called counter-rotating term in the Rabi Hamiltonian. Through a unitary transformation that diagonalizes the Jaynes-Cummings model, we transform the counter-rotating term into separate terms representing several different physical processes. By keeping only certain terms, we can achieve an excellent approximation to the exact dynamics within specified parameter ranges.
The anisotropic Rabi model, which was proposed recently, differs from the original Rabi model: the rotating and counter-rotating terms are governed by two different coupling constants. This feature allows us to vary the counter-rotating interaction independently and explore the effects of it on some quantum properties. In this paper, we eliminate the counter-rotating terms approximately and obtain the analytical energy spectrums and wavefunctions. These analytical results agree well with the numerical calculations in a wide range of the parameters including the ultrastrong coupling regime. In the weak counter-rotating coupling limit we find out that the counter-rotating terms can be considered as the shifts to the parameters of the Jaynes-Cummings model. This modification shows the validness of the rotating-wave approximation on the assumption of near-resonance and relatively weak coupling. Moreover, the analytical expressions of several physics quantities are also derived, and the results show the break-down of the U(1)-symmetry and the deviation from the Jaynes-Cummings model.
A class of quasi-exact solutions of the Rabi Hamiltonian, which describes a two-level atom interacting with a single-mode radiation field via a dipole interaction without the rotating-wave approximation, are obtained by using a wavefunction ansatz. Exact solutions for part of the spectrum are obtained when the atom-field coupling strength and the field frequency satisfy certain relations. As an example, the lowest exact energy level and the corresponding atom-field entanglement at the quasi-exactly solvable point are calculated and compared to results from the Jaynes–Cummings and counter-rotating cases of the Rabi Hamiltonian.
Abstract This article is a response to the continued assumption, cited even in reports and reviews of recent experimental breakthroughs and advances in theoretical methods, that the antiJaynes-Cummings (AJC)interaction is an intractable energy non-conserving component of the quantum Rabi model (QRM). We present three key features of QRM dynamics : (a) the AJC interaction component has a conserved excitation number operator and is exactly solvable (b) QRM dynamical space consists of a rotating frame (RF) dominated by an exactly solved Jaynes-Cummings (JC) interaction specied by a conserved JC excitation number operator which generates the U(1) symmetry of RF and a correlated counter-rotating frame (CRF) dominated by an exactly solved antiJaynes-Cummings (AJC) interaction specied by a conserved AJC excitation number operator which generates the U(1) symmetry of CRF (c) for QRM dynamical evolution in RF, the initial atom-eld state je0i is an eigenstate of the effective AJC Hamiltonian HAJC, while the effective JC Hamiltonian HJC drives this initial state je0i into a time evolving entangled state, and, in a corresponding process for QRM dynamical evolution in CRF, the initial atom-eld state jg0i is an eigenstate of the effective JC Hamiltonian, while the effective AJC Hamiltonian drives this initial state jg0i into a time evolving entangled state, thus addressing one of the long-standing challenges of theoretical and experimental QRM dynamics; consistent generalizations of the initial states je0i , jg0i to corresponding n 0 entangled eigenstates j+en i , j 􀀀g ni of the AJC in RF and JC in CRF, respectively, provides general dynamical evolution of QRM characterized by collapses and revivals in the time evolution of the atomic, eld mode, JC and AJC excitation numbers for large initial photon numbers ; the JC and AJC excitation numbers are conserved in the respective frames RF, CRF, but each evolves with time in the alternate frame.
It is well known that, under the rotating-wave approximation, the Rabi Hamiltonian, which describes the interaction between a two-level atom and a single field mode, reduces to the Jaynes-Cummings model through exclusion of its counter-rotating term. In this work, it is found that, since photons in the mode are indistinguishable, there exist two conditions where the counter-rotating term can never be ignored. These conditions, all subject to the requirements that the atom-mode coupling is weak and the atom is initially in its ground state, are obtained in the stationary perturbation theory and confirmed through an analysis of the atom-mode system's evolution.
The Jaynes-Cummings model without the rotating-wave approximation can be solved exactly by extended Swain's ansatz with the conserved parity. The analytical approximations are then performed at different levels. The well-known rotating-wave approximation is naturally covered in the present zero and first approximations. The effect of the counter rotating-wave term emerges clearly in the second order approximation. The concise analytical expressions are given explicitly and can be applicable up to the ultra-strong coupling regime. The preliminary application to the vacuum Rabi splitting is shown to be very successful.
The scientific interest in the analytical solution of the quantum Rabi model is due to the widespread use of this simple model in quantum optics, quantum computing, cavity QED, and nanoelectromechanical systems. This interest is related to the need for the theoretical description of the interaction of a two-level system with a quantum oscillator in the case when the rotating wave approximation fails. In this Letter, we present an approach to the exact diagonalization of the quantum Rabi Hamiltonian. This approach is based on the properties of the Pauli operators and allows us to readily solve the stationary Schrodinger equation for a two-level system. First, we demonstrate the applicability of the approach to the Jaynes-Cummings Hamiltonian to get the well-known solution. Then, we obtain the eigenvalues and eigenstates for the quantum Rabi Hamiltonian using the proposed approach. It is shown that the obtained eigenstates can be represented in the basis of the eigenstates of the Jaynes-Cummings Hamiltonian.