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arXiv:1403.2321 · Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics

Perturbative approach to the dynamics of a trapped ion interacting with a light field

Vittorio Penna, Francesco Antonino Raffa

Published Mar 17, 2014• 6 citations

Abstract

We present a second-order perturbative analysis of the model describing a two-level trapped ion interacting with a travelling laser field, in the Lamb–Dicke regime. Unlike the customary approach, based on the interaction picture and the rotating wave approximation, we reduce the original Hamiltonian to a time-independent model, unitarily equivalent to a spin-boson model, which features a form well suited to apply the perturbation theory. We determine the first- and second-order corrections of eigenstates and eigenvalues. By varying the interaction parameters we identify four regimes characterized by different eigenvalue distributions (possibly including level doublets) and suggest the presence of an intermediate regime where the spectrum undergoes macroscopic changes. In this regime, where the perturbation approach does not hold, our reduced Hamiltonian is shown to reproduce the Jaynes–Cummings model.

DOI: 10.1088/0953-4075/47/7/075501

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We present a second-order perturbative analysis of the model describing a two-level trapped ion interacting with a travelling laser field, in the Lamb–Dicke regime. Unlike the customary approach, based on the interaction picture and the rotating wave approximation, we reduce the original Hamiltonian to a time-independent model, unitarily equivalent to a spin-boson model, which features a form well suited to apply the perturbation theory. We determine the first- and second-order corrections of eigenstates and eigenvalues. By varying the interaction parameters we identify four regimes characterized by different eigenvalue distributions (possibly including level doublets) and suggest the presence of an intermediate regime where the spectrum undergoes macroscopic changes. In this regime, where the perturbation approach does not hold, our reduced Hamiltonian is shown to reproduce the Jaynes–Cummings model.

We treat the interaction of a trapped ion with a standing-wave light field, relaxing the previous condition of the trapping ion being on the node of the standing wave. In addition we work to second order in the Lamb-Dicke parameter η the extension to higher orders in η is also indicated. Only a simple transformation to the “dressed basis” (subject to the constraint of Pauli algebra) is required in order to show that the ion interacting with a standing light-wave may be described by the Jaynes-Cummings Hamiltonian. The ansatz of leaving invariant the Pauli algebra after the transformations amounts to a linear transformation in the su(2) algebra describing the two level system. The outcome is a Jaynes-Cummings like Hamiltonian with effective coupling dependent on the parameter Χ aimed to figure the trapping location in the standing wave. The main idea, namely leaving the Hamiltonian form invariant while changing the physical parameters can pave the way to a new understanding of gauge like transformations in the present context.

We consider a single ion confined in a trap under the radiation of two travelling waves of lasers. In the strong-excitation regime and without the restriction of the Lamb–Dicke limit, the Hamiltonian of the system is similar to a driving Jaynes–Cummings model without the rotating wave approximation (RWA). The approach we developed enables us to present complete eigensolutions, which makes it possible to compare with the solutions under the RWA. We find that the ground state in our non-RWA solution is energetically lower than the counterpart under the RWA. If we have the ion in the ground state, it is equivalent to a spin dependent force on the trapped ion. Discussion is given for the difference between the solutions with and without the RWA, and for the relevant experimental test, as well as for the possible application to quantum information processing.

We treat the interaction of a trapped ion with a standing-wave light field relaxing the previous condition of the trapping ion being on the node of the standing wave. In addition we work to second order in the Lamb-Dicke parameter

η

, the extension to higher orders in

η

is also indicated. Only a simple transformation to the ``dressed basis'' [subject to the constraint of Pauli algebra] is required in order to show that the ion interacting with a standing light-wave may be described by the Jaynes-Cummings Hamiltonian.

We showed that in Lamb-Dicke regime and under rotating wave approximation, the dynamical behavior of two trapped ions interacting with a laser beam resonant to the first red side-band of center-of-mass mode can be described by Jaynes-Cummings Model. An exact analytic solution for this kind of Jaynes-Cummings model is presented. The results showed that quantum collapses and revivals for the occupation of two atoms, and squeezing for vibratic motion of center-of-mass mode existed in both two different types of initial conditions. The maximum momentum squeezing for center-of-mass mode in these two types of conditions are found to be 42.4% and 43.8% respectively. The coherence, in the first type of initial conditions can keeps long times, and in the second type of initial conditions, a concrete form of coherent state is obtained, when the initial average number is very small.