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Multi-octave Supercontinuum Generation at Mid-Infrared by Non-Gaussian Pulses in Semiconductor Quantum Wells

Nafisa Nasrin, Bhaskarjyoti Mahanta, Rohit Mukherjee, Nitu Borgohain

Published Aug 25, 2026• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract This study investigates the generation of broadband supercontinuum within the mid-infrared spectral range employing a symmetric single quantum well (SSWQ) system when the system is operated in the electromagnetically induced transparency regime. By employing a cascade-type excitation scheme with a low-intensity probe field together with a high-intensity control field, the medium exhibits strongly reduced linear absorption along with enhanced Kerr nonlinearity. At a probe wavelength of \(\:9.741\:\mu\:m\), the system attains a large nonlinear coefficient and weak group-velocity dispersion, enabling efficient nonlinear pulse evolution at comparatively low excitation powers. The influence of self-phase modulation is initially examined using various non-Gaussian input pulse shapes, such as sinh-Gaussian, cosh-Gaussian, and tanh-Gaussian profiles. Among these, tanh-Gaussian pulse produces the strongest SPM-induced spectral broadening. Further, numerical investigation incorporating higher-order dispersion along with enhanced Kerr nonlinearity results efficient SC generation mediated by SPM, modulation instability, four-wave mixing, and soliton dynamics. The tanh- Gaussian and cosh-Gaussian pulses generate the widest spectra, extending up to nearly \(\:2.32\) octaves and \(\:2.54\) octaves, respectively, demonstrating the suitability of SSQW systems for compact mid-infrared photonic applications.

DOI
10.21203/rs.3.rs-10492451/v1

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Abstract This study investigates the generation of broadband supercontinuum within the mid-infrared spectral range employing a symmetric single quantum well (SSWQ) system when the system is operated in the electromagnetically induced transparency regime. By employing a cascade-type excitation scheme with a low-intensity probe field together with a high-intensity control field, the medium exhibits strongly reduced linear absorption along with enhanced Kerr nonlinearity. At a probe wavelength of (:9.741:\mu:m), the system attains a large nonlinear coefficient and weak group-velocity dispersion, enabling efficient nonlinear pulse evolution at comparatively low excitation powers. The influence of self-phase modulation is initially examined using various non-Gaussian input pulse shapes, such as sinh-Gaussian, cosh-Gaussian, and tanh-Gaussian profiles. Among these, tanh-Gaussian pulse produces the strongest SPM-induced spectral broadening. Further, numerical investigation incorporating higher-order dispersion along with enhanced Kerr nonlinearity results efficient SC generation mediated by SPM, modulation instability, four-wave mixing, and soliton dynamics. The tanh- Gaussian and cosh-Gaussian pulses generate the widest spectra, extending up to nearly (:2.32) octaves and (:2.54) octaves, respectively, demonstrating the suitability of SSQW systems for compact mid-infrared photonic applications.
In this paper, we present the dynamics of supercontinuum (SC) generation in an asymmetric semiconductor quantum well (SQW) system employing modulated nonlinearity and dispersion under an electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) window. Specifically, we utilize a weak probe pulse in the system, which is modulated by a strong control field, exploiting the phenomenon of EIT. Adjusting the control field parameters, we obtain large nonlinearities of the order [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] at probe wavelengths [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], respectively. The corresponding dispersion values are [Formula: see text] (for anomalous dispersion) and [Formula: see text] (for normal dispersion), respectively. We investigate the generation of a supercontinuum in the system separately for both the dispersion regimes by using a narrow-band Gaussian pulse. In the regime of anomalous dispersion, the broadening of the SC is mainly governed by the nonlinear processes like the self-phase modulation (SPM), the dispersive wave emission and the soliton self-frequency shift. These nonlinearities manifest into a highly modulated spectral profile with a span of around four octaves ([Formula: see text]3–11.5[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m). However, in the domain of normal dispersion, the SC is dominated by SPM, extending asymmetrically to the higher wavelength side owing to the third-order dispersion. This results in the formation of a smooth and practically flat spectrum, but with a reduced bandwidth of around 3[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m. Our study highlights the versatility of EIT-assisted nonlinear optical control in SQW systems and refers to their possible use in the development of broadband light sources for spectroscopy, optical communications and the development of integrated photonic devices.
In this article, we investigate the spectral broadening of cosh-Gaussian pulses which is induced by self-phase modulation (SPM) within the tunneling-induced transparency (TIT) window in an asymmetric multiple-quantum-well system. The study demonstrates how a single laser field, combined with a steady static electric field, enables dynamic control of absorption and dispersion profiles of the system, offering precise control of the group velocity of the applied field. The multiple-quantum-well system exhibits a large Kerr nonlinearity (approximately ${10}^{6}\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}{\text{W}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}{\text{m}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$), which enhances the SPM effect under the TIT window. Our exploration of SPM using cosh-Gaussian pulses demonstrates that higher probe laser powers result in broader spectral widths and increased internal oscillations, especially under strong tunneling strengths. These results suggest promising applications for fine-tuning light propagation in quantum-well systems and offer a more economical approach for optical light-matter interaction experiments, minimizing the need for extensive optics and optomechanical components.
Abstract In this article, we present an alternative excitation scheme for the study of optical responses of the probe field in a five-level semiconductor coupled quantum wells (CQWs). It is shown that in the linear case, our study reveals the formation of double and triple electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) windows for the suitable values of Rabi-frequency of the control fields, while the linear dispersion is also tuned from anomalous to normal and vice versa within small range of detuning. Interestingly, we find that by properly adjusting the appropriate values of control field detunings, the behaviour of optical absorption and transparency is found to be asymmetric in nature. In addition, we also found that due to quantum coherence, nonlinear dispersion, specifically Kerr nonlinearity is dramatically enhanced with nearly vanishing linear absorption under EIT. The Kerr nonlinearity in the present scheme is identified to be very large ( ∼10−13 m2 V−2\:\sim{10}^{-13}\:{m}^{2}\:{V}^{-2}∼10−13m2V−2) in the mid IR range ( λ p=4.74  μ m\:{\lambda\:}_{p}=4.74\:\:\mu\:mλp​=4.74μm), which can be very useful for the investigation of several nonlinear phenomena at low light intensity in CQWs. The results of the investigations may have potential applications in optical switching devices at low powers, quantum information processing and many more in solid-state laser based system.
We propose a method to control the harmonic process by a mid-IR modulated polarization gating for the effective generation of an ultra-broadband supercontinuum in the neutral rare-gas media. Using a mid-IR polarization gating pulse modulated by a weaker 800-nm linearly polarized pulse, the ionization, acceleration and recombination steps in the harmonic process are simultaneously controlled, leading to the efficient generation of an ultra-broadband supercontinuum covered by the spectral range from ultraviolet to water window x ray under the low ionization rate. The right phase-matching technique is employed to macroscopically select the short quantum path of the supercontinuum, then isolated sub-100-as pulses with tunable wavelengths are directly obtained. This supercontinuum also supports the pulse duration far below one atomic unit of time.
This article explores the modulation instability of a continuous or quasi-continuous weak probe pulse in a three-level asymmetric double quantum wells under an electromagnetically induced transparency regime, controlled by a strong laser beam. The dynamics of modulation instability reveals that the instability gain as well as its bandwidth is greatly influenced by control field Rabi frequency. The probe pulse is found to be almost stable against modulation instability for higher values of control field Rabi frequency. The results of this investigation may potentially apply for oscillation free generation of supercontinuum in quantum well nanostructures.
We explore the generation of orbital angular momentum (OAM) carrying mid-infrared Bessel-Gaussian beams through nonlinear interactions within a non-uniformly broadened 85 Rb atomic ensemble. Utilizing an efficient four-wave mixing (FWM) scheme driven by two strong control fields and a weak probe field, we achieve coherent emission at a wavelength of 5.23 µm. By employing the density matrix approach, we obtain an analytical expression for the nonlinear atomic coherence involved in the four-wave mixing process, elucidating how the Bessel-Gaussian profile of the probe field is transferred into the mid-infrared signal. Numerical simulations of Maxwell’s wave equation ensure the generation of phase-matched, non-diffracting Bessel-Gaussian beams, which can be precisely controlled by manipulating the spatial susceptibility of the atomic medium. Furthermore, this study demonstrates the potential of higher-order Bessel-Gaussian beams with OAM to significantly advance applications in high-speed communication, biomedical imaging, and optical manipulation, owing to their robust beam integrity and enhanced data transmission capabilities in the mid-infrared spectrum.