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Optics Express

Mid-infrared modulated polarization gating for ultra-broadband supercontinuum generation

Weiyi Hong, Pengfei Wei, Qingbin Zhang, Shaoyi Wang, Peixiang Lu

Published May 13, 2010• 31 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We propose a method to control the harmonic process by a mid-IR modulated polarization gating for the effective generation of an ultra-broadband supercontinuum in the neutral rare-gas media. Using a mid-IR polarization gating pulse modulated by a weaker 800-nm linearly polarized pulse, the ionization, acceleration and recombination steps in the harmonic process are simultaneously controlled, leading to the efficient generation of an ultra-broadband supercontinuum covered by the spectral range from ultraviolet to water window x ray under the low ionization rate. The right phase-matching technique is employed to macroscopically select the short quantum path of the supercontinuum, then isolated sub-100-as pulses with tunable wavelengths are directly obtained. This supercontinuum also supports the pulse duration far below one atomic unit of time.

DOI
10.1364/oe.18.011308

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Journal of Nonlinear Optical Physics & Materials•May 22, 2026•0 citations
We propose a method to control the harmonic process by a mid-IR modulated polarization gating for the effective generation of an ultra-broadband supercontinuum in the neutral rare-gas media. Using a mid-IR polarization gating pulse modulated by a weaker 800-nm linearly polarized pulse, the ionization, acceleration and recombination steps in the harmonic process are simultaneously controlled, leading to the efficient generation of an ultra-broadband supercontinuum covered by the spectral range from ultraviolet to water window x ray under the low ionization rate. The right phase-matching technique is employed to macroscopically select the short quantum path of the supercontinuum, then isolated sub-100-as pulses with tunable wavelengths are directly obtained. This supercontinuum also supports the pulse duration far below one atomic unit of time.
We propose a method to generate broadband extreme ultraviolet supercontinuum harmonics by using the combination of a phase-stabilized few-cycle laser pulse and a low-frequency field. It is shown that this method can significantly modulate the quantum paths of the harmonics. The harmonic spectrum is extended to Ip+8.2Up{I}_{p}+8.2{U}_{p}Ip​+8.2Up​ and harmonics with a bandwidth of 4Up4{U}_{p}4Up​ become continuous. By adjusting the carrier-envelope phase of the few-cycle pulse, a close-to-Fourier-limit sub-50-as pulse is straightforwardly obtained.
Abstract This study investigates the generation of broadband supercontinuum within the mid-infrared spectral range employing a symmetric single quantum well (SSWQ) system when the system is operated in the electromagnetically induced transparency regime. By employing a cascade-type excitation scheme with a low-intensity probe field together with a high-intensity control field, the medium exhibits strongly reduced linear absorption along with enhanced Kerr nonlinearity. At a probe wavelength of  9.741 μ m\:9.741\:\mu\:m9.741μm, the system attains a large nonlinear coefficient and weak group-velocity dispersion, enabling efficient nonlinear pulse evolution at comparatively low excitation powers. The influence of self-phase modulation is initially examined using various non-Gaussian input pulse shapes, such as sinh-Gaussian, cosh-Gaussian, and tanh-Gaussian profiles. Among these, tanh-Gaussian pulse produces the strongest SPM-induced spectral broadening. Further, numerical investigation incorporating higher-order dispersion along with enhanced Kerr nonlinearity results efficient SC generation mediated by SPM, modulation instability, four-wave mixing, and soliton dynamics. The tanh- Gaussian and cosh-Gaussian pulses generate the widest spectra, extending up to nearly  2.32\:2.322.32 octaves and  2.54\:2.542.54 octaves, respectively, demonstrating the suitability of SSQW systems for compact mid-infrared photonic applications.
We introduce a new scheme for generating short-wavelength coherent broadband radiation with well-controlled spectral characteristics. It is based on shaping long-wavelength femtosecond pulse to coherently control atomic resonance-mediated (2+1) three-photon excitation to a broad far-from-resonance continuum. Here, the spectrum (central frequency and bandwidth) of deep-ultraviolet coherent broadband radiation generated in Na vapor is experimentally controlled by tuning the linear chirp we apply to the driving phase-shaped near-infrared femtosecond pulse. This is a first step in implementing the full scheme for producing shaped femtosecond pulses at wavelengths down-to the vacuum-ultraviolet range.
The macroscopic effects on the broadband supercontinuum generated in the interaction of an ω and ω/2 bichromatic laser pulse and an atom are investigated with a three-dimensional propagation model. It is shown that a broadband supercontinuum can still be generated when the macroscopic effects are included, and the macroscopic effects can ameliorate the temporal characteristic of the broadband supercontinuum of a single atom. When the broadband supercontinuum propagates through the low-density gas medium, the modulations of the broadband supercontinuum can be weakened or even eliminated by phase matching. Moreover, this unmodulated broadband supercontinuum can steadily last for a relative long distance of propagation and can be directly filtered to generate an isolated sub-100 attosecond pulse.
Coherent supercontinuum radiation in the extreme-ultraviolet (XUV) range is indispensable for synthesizing attosecond light pulses and for exploring transient atomic structures. Here, we report the striking observations of coherent XUV supercontinuum (XSC) extended from below to far above the ionization threshold, which exhibits completely different temporal and spatial properties comparing to the conventional rescattering induced high harmonic generation (HHG). We demonstrate that the strong-field created coherence among bound orbitals strongly distort the atomic transition energies during the pulse, leading to coherent emission spanning tens of electron-volts, in contrast to the line emission via free-induction decay occurring after the pulse. The supposed non-radiating bound dark states contribute as well by emitting dressed energy through dark-to-bright emission mechanism. All the processes modulated at sub-cycle time scale jointly form this new-type coherent XSC. This work achieves the strong-field attosecond control of the exotic atomic radiation dynamics and provides the means of simultaneous generation of separated attosecond sources, i.e., XSC and HHG, with potential advancing attosecond interferometry.
In this paper, we present the dynamics of supercontinuum (SC) generation in an asymmetric semiconductor quantum well (SQW) system employing modulated nonlinearity and dispersion under an electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) window. Specifically, we utilize a weak probe pulse in the system, which is modulated by a strong control field, exploiting the phenomenon of EIT. Adjusting the control field parameters, we obtain large nonlinearities of the order [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] at probe wavelengths [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], respectively. The corresponding dispersion values are [Formula: see text] (for anomalous dispersion) and [Formula: see text] (for normal dispersion), respectively. We investigate the generation of a supercontinuum in the system separately for both the dispersion regimes by using a narrow-band Gaussian pulse. In the regime of anomalous dispersion, the broadening of the SC is mainly governed by the nonlinear processes like the self-phase modulation (SPM), the dispersive wave emission and the soliton self-frequency shift. These nonlinearities manifest into a highly modulated spectral profile with a span of around four octaves ([Formula: see text]3–11.5[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m). However, in the domain of normal dispersion, the SC is dominated by SPM, extending asymmetrically to the higher wavelength side owing to the third-order dispersion. This results in the formation of a smooth and practically flat spectrum, but with a reduced bandwidth of around 3[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m. Our study highlights the versatility of EIT-assisted nonlinear optical control in SQW systems and refers to their possible use in the development of broadband light sources for spectroscopy, optical communications and the development of integrated photonic devices.