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The European Physical Journal D

Adjustable triple electromagnetically induced transparency and Kerr nonlinearity in five-level coupled quantum wells

Rohit Mukherjee, Rohit Hazra, Nitu Borgohain

Published Nov 1, 2025• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract In this article, we present an alternative excitation scheme for the study of optical responses of the probe field in a five-level semiconductor coupled quantum wells (CQWs). It is shown that in the linear case, our study reveals the formation of double and triple electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) windows for the suitable values of Rabi-frequency of the control fields, while the linear dispersion is also tuned from anomalous to normal and vice versa within small range of detuning. Interestingly, we find that by properly adjusting the appropriate values of control field detunings, the behaviour of optical absorption and transparency is found to be asymmetric in nature. In addition, we also found that due to quantum coherence, nonlinear dispersion, specifically Kerr nonlinearity is dramatically enhanced with nearly vanishing linear absorption under EIT. The Kerr nonlinearity in the present scheme is identified to be very large (\(\:\sim{10}^{-13}\:{m}^{2}\:{V}^{-2}\)) in the mid IR range (\(\:{\lambda\:}_{p}=4.74\:\:\mu\:m\)), which can be very useful for the investigation of several nonlinear phenomena at low light intensity in CQWs. The results of the investigations may have potential applications in optical switching devices at low powers, quantum information processing and many more in solid-state laser based system.

DOI
10.1140/epjd/s10053-025-01080-0

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Abstract In this article, we present an alternative excitation scheme for the study of optical responses of the probe field in a five-level semiconductor coupled quantum wells (CQWs). It is shown that in the linear case, our study reveals the formation of double and triple electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) windows for the suitable values of Rabi-frequency of the control fields, while the linear dispersion is also tuned from anomalous to normal and vice versa within small range of detuning. Interestingly, we find that by properly adjusting the appropriate values of control field detunings, the behaviour of optical absorption and transparency is found to be asymmetric in nature. In addition, we also found that due to quantum coherence, nonlinear dispersion, specifically Kerr nonlinearity is dramatically enhanced with nearly vanishing linear absorption under EIT. The Kerr nonlinearity in the present scheme is identified to be very large ((:\sim{10}^{-13}:{m}^{2}:{V}^{-2})) in the mid IR range ((:{\lambda:}_{p}=4.74::\mu:m)), which can be very useful for the investigation of several nonlinear phenomena at low light intensity in CQWs. The results of the investigations may have potential applications in optical switching devices at low powers, quantum information processing and many more in solid-state laser based system.
Abstract In this communication, we investigate linear and nonlinear (Kerr) responses in an asymmetric double quantum wells induced by a weak probe and controlled by a signal field under double Λ excitation via the Fano interference. By carefully tuning the control field intensities, probe detuning and relative phase of the interacting electromagnetic fields, the amplification as well as the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) can be achieved to an efficient level in the proposed scheme. We observe that the absorption of the probe and signal fields decrease with the decrease in the strength of the Fano interference (ξ), while the Kerr nonlinearity enhances by almost ten times, reaching a value of the order ~ 10 − 10 m 2 / V 2 under the regime of EIT. The results presented may serve as a valuable reference for designing optimized slow and fast-light, solid-based optical switching devices, offering significant advantages over those based on atomic media.
We propose to use a five-level cascade system to enhance self-Kerr nonlinearity under an electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) condition. Using density-matrix theory, an expression of the self-Kerr nonlinear coefficient for a weak probe light is derived. Variations of the self-Kerr coefficient with respect to the frequency and intensity of a strong coupling light are investigated. The Kerr nonlinearity is basically modified and enhanced greatly in the spectral regions corresponding to EIT transparent windows. Furthermore, the sign, slope, and magnitude of the self-Kerr coefficient can be controlled with the frequency and intensity of the coupling light. Such a controllable Kerr nonlinearity can find interesting applications in optoelectronic devices working with low light intensity at multiple frequencies.
This article presents a coherent phenomenon called spontaneously generated coherence (SGC) under the regime of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in a three-coupled multiple quantum wells. We demonstrate that the presence of SGC in these quantum wells lead to intriguing modifications in the transparency window within the absorption spectrum. At the same time, modification of the dispersive nature is also demonstrated which enables the feasibility of the system in diverse applications based on light propagation. The absorption and dispersion responses are found to be varied by the individual strength of the first and second control fields in presence as well as in absence of SGC in the EIT regime. The positional shifting of the transparency window and simultaneous modifications in the dispersive profiles by tuning the control field detunings of both the first and second control fields are also revealed. Some absorption and dispersion contours are illustrated for getting better insights into the modifications of the optical responses via SGC. Finally, by manipulating the strength of the SGC parameter, we observe the changes in the respective position of the transparency window and dispersion curve. It is expected that the current investigations will pave novel ways for innovative applications in quantum communications, and fabrication of advanced photonic devices.
This paper presents a comprehensive investigation on Kerr nonlinearity in a three-level semiconductor quantum well (SQW) superlattice and validates the existence of large Kerr nonlinearity of the order of [Formula: see text] in the vicinity of an electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) window. The Kerr nonlinearity is found to vary with the relative phase of the applied optical fields, and by selecting suitable relative phases, an enhanced Kerr nonlinearity can be obtained. The results may find significant applications in optoelectronic and photonic devices.
The absorption properties in an inverted-tripod scheme atomic system driven by the coherent fields are investigated by means of the semiclassical theory.The result obtained by means of numerical method indicates that by adjusting the Rabi frequencies of the coherent fields,there appear triple,double,single electromagnetically induced transparency(EIT).In the triple EIT,the location of transparent windows can be controlled by adjusting the detunings for the coherent fields,and changes continuously,i.e.there exist a series of continuous frequencies for the probe field propagating in an atomic medium without absorption in a certain range.Finally,the explanations of these phenomena are given by using the dressed states.
We propose and analyze an efficient scheme for suppressing the absorption of a weak probe field based on intersubband transitions in a four-level asymmetric coupled-quantum well (CQW) driven coherently by a probe laser field and a control laser field. By using the numerical simulation, we find that the magnitude of the transient absorption of the probe field is smaller than the three-level system based on the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) at line center of the probe transition, moreover, comparing with the scheme in three-level asymmetric double QW system, the transparency hole of the present work is much broader. By analyzing the steady-state process analytically and numerically, our results show that the probe absorption can be completely eliminated under the condition of Raman resonance (i.e. two-photon detuning is zero). Besides, we can observe one transparency window without requiring one- or two-photon detuning exactly vanish. This investigation may provide the possible scheme for EIT in solids by using CQW.