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Scientific Reports

Controlling behaviour of transparency and absorption in three-coupled multiple quantum wells via spontaneously generated coherence

Rohit Mukherjee, Rohit Hazra, Nitu Borgohain

Published Apr 8, 2024• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

This article presents a coherent phenomenon called spontaneously generated coherence (SGC) under the regime of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in a three-coupled multiple quantum wells. We demonstrate that the presence of SGC in these quantum wells lead to intriguing modifications in the transparency window within the absorption spectrum. At the same time, modification of the dispersive nature is also demonstrated which enables the feasibility of the system in diverse applications based on light propagation. The absorption and dispersion responses are found to be varied by the individual strength of the first and second control fields in presence as well as in absence of SGC in the EIT regime. The positional shifting of the transparency window and simultaneous modifications in the dispersive profiles by tuning the control field detunings of both the first and second control fields are also revealed. Some absorption and dispersion contours are illustrated for getting better insights into the modifications of the optical responses via SGC. Finally, by manipulating the strength of the SGC parameter, we observe the changes in the respective position of the transparency window and dispersion curve. It is expected that the current investigations will pave novel ways for innovative applications in quantum communications, and fabrication of advanced photonic devices.

DOI
10.1038/s41598-024-58818-w

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Physica Scripta•Dec 13, 2010•12 citations
This article presents a coherent phenomenon called spontaneously generated coherence (SGC) under the regime of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in a three-coupled multiple quantum wells. We demonstrate that the presence of SGC in these quantum wells lead to intriguing modifications in the transparency window within the absorption spectrum. At the same time, modification of the dispersive nature is also demonstrated which enables the feasibility of the system in diverse applications based on light propagation. The absorption and dispersion responses are found to be varied by the individual strength of the first and second control fields in presence as well as in absence of SGC in the EIT regime. The positional shifting of the transparency window and simultaneous modifications in the dispersive profiles by tuning the control field detunings of both the first and second control fields are also revealed. Some absorption and dispersion contours are illustrated for getting better insights into the modifications of the optical responses via SGC. Finally, by manipulating the strength of the SGC parameter, we observe the changes in the respective position of the transparency window and dispersion curve. It is expected that the current investigations will pave novel ways for innovative applications in quantum communications, and fabrication of advanced photonic devices.
Coherent phenomena based on lasing without inversion (LWI), electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and enhanced index of refraction are due to the interaction of light with matter. Quite recently, the coherent phenomenon of spontaneously generated coherence (SGC) has emerged as a significant one in the study of several semiconductor nanostructures. In this article, we examine the linear optical properties in the EIT regime for a three-level V-type semiconductor quantum wells (QWs) in the presence of an incoherent pump field under the SGC effect. It is shown that for a suitable choice of a SGC parameter and an incoherent pump field, the linear absorption substantially changes into a probe field gain and at the same time modifies the dispersive properties of the medium.
Abstract By solving the density matrix equations in the steady state, we have derived analytical expressions for the absorption, dispersion, and group index of a five-level cascade-type atomic system as functions of laser intensity and frequency, spontaneously generated coherence (SGC), and relative phase of applied fields. The influences of SGC and relative phase on absorption, dispersion, and group index of this system under electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) are studied. It is shown that the three EIT windows of system become deeper and narrower as the strength of SGC increases. These lead to an increase in the slope and the amplitude of the dispersion curves at three EIT windows. As a result, the amplitude of the group index at these three EIT windows also becomes larger when the strength of SGC increases. In particular, the group index can easily be switched between negative and positive values i.e., the light propagation can easily be converted between superluminal to subluminal modes by adjusting the strength of SGC, relative phase or the coupling laser intensity.
Abstract In this article, we present an alternative excitation scheme for the study of optical responses of the probe field in a five-level semiconductor coupled quantum wells (CQWs). It is shown that in the linear case, our study reveals the formation of double and triple electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) windows for the suitable values of Rabi-frequency of the control fields, while the linear dispersion is also tuned from anomalous to normal and vice versa within small range of detuning. Interestingly, we find that by properly adjusting the appropriate values of control field detunings, the behaviour of optical absorption and transparency is found to be asymmetric in nature. In addition, we also found that due to quantum coherence, nonlinear dispersion, specifically Kerr nonlinearity is dramatically enhanced with nearly vanishing linear absorption under EIT. The Kerr nonlinearity in the present scheme is identified to be very large ( ∼10−13 m2 V−2\:\sim{10}^{-13}\:{m}^{2}\:{V}^{-2}∼10−13m2V−2) in the mid IR range ( λ p=4.74  μ m\:{\lambda\:}_{p}=4.74\:\:\mu\:mλp​=4.74μm), which can be very useful for the investigation of several nonlinear phenomena at low light intensity in CQWs. The results of the investigations may have potential applications in optical switching devices at low powers, quantum information processing and many more in solid-state laser based system.
The dispersion and the absorption properties of a closed three-level Λ system with incoherent pumping have been studied when both dynamically induced coherence (DIC) and the spontaneously generated coherence (SGC) play a significant role. We analyze the interplay between the dynamically induced coherence (DIC) and the spontaneously generated coherence (SGC) on the absorption spectrum to induce different nonlinear processes like amplification without population inversion (AWI), electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA). By changing the probe field Rabi frequency the response of the system can switch over from one nonlinear process to other and hence the probe field Rabi frequency can be used as a knob for switching different nonlinear responses. By changing the relative phase of two fields the response of the system switches over from EIA to EIT or EIT to AWI which can be used as optical switch. Choosing appropriate value of the relative phase and the probe field Rabi frequency, the dispersion and hence the propagation of the probe pulse can be controlled efficiently. Therefore these parameters can be used as a knob to manipulate light propagation from subluminal to superluminal. Exact analytical expressions for the coherences and populations in the steady state limit have been derived (keeping all orders of system parameters) to generalize the analysis. Any restrictions over the system parameters have been avoided to make it applicable to various atomic and molecular systems.
This paper investigates the effects of spontaneously generated coherence(SGC) on the probe absorption in the Y-type four-level atomic system driven by three fields.It finds that the probe absorption at the resonance center shows the different phenomena with the SGC effects.When SGC produces the destructive interference on the probe absorption,the absorption at the resonance center is reduced with the SGC enhancement and the gain appears there.When SGC produces the constructive interference on the probe absorption,the absorption at the resonance center is enhanced with the SGC enhancement.That is electromagnetically induced absorption(being abbreviated EIA);the intensity of double electromagnetically induced transparency(being abbreviated EIT);at both sides of the resonance is increased,and the windows get wider.At the same time,the linewidth of the absorption at the resonance center becomes narrow and the transparent windows at both sides of the resonance get wider when the spontaneous decay rate of energy levels |3〉→|2〉 and 4〉→|2〉 is decreased at the ratio of the spontaneous decay rate of energy levels |3〉→|2〉 and |4〉→|2〉 being constant.
The probe response and dispersion of a three-level closed ? system considering spontaneously generated coherence (SGC) have been investigated with and without an incoherent pumping. One can get electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) whatever be the value of the SGC parameter and phase difference when an incoherent pump is absent. But by turning the incoherent pump rate on, one can control the light propagation from subluminal to superluminal and also the nonlinear response from EIT to electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA) by controlling the SGC parameter and phase difference. Using the incoherent pump rate as an optical tool, the desired configuration around the resonance can be realized. Exact analytical expressions for the coherences in the steady-state limit have been derived in the absence of an incoherent pump rate (keeping all orders of the system parameters) to generalize the analysis, and any restriction on the system parameters has been avoided to make it applicable to various atomic and molecular systems.