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Physical Review A

Self-phase-modulation of non-Gaussian pulses in multiple quantum wells by a tunneling mechanism

Rohit Mukherjee, Nitu Borgohain, Rohit Hazra, Kingshuk Bose, Arindam Kumar Chatterjee

Published Jul 17, 2025• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In this article, we investigate the spectral broadening of cosh-Gaussian pulses which is induced by self-phase modulation (SPM) within the tunneling-induced transparency (TIT) window in an asymmetric multiple-quantum-well system. The study demonstrates how a single laser field, combined with a steady static electric field, enables dynamic control of absorption and dispersion profiles of the system, offering precise control of the group velocity of the applied field. The multiple-quantum-well system exhibits a large Kerr nonlinearity (approximately ${10}^{6}\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}{\text{W}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}{\text{m}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$), which enhances the SPM effect under the TIT window. Our exploration of SPM using cosh-Gaussian pulses demonstrates that higher probe laser powers result in broader spectral widths and increased internal oscillations, especially under strong tunneling strengths. These results suggest promising applications for fine-tuning light propagation in quantum-well systems and offer a more economical approach for optical light-matter interaction experiments, minimizing the need for extensive optics and optomechanical components.

DOI
10.1103/8vqj-rvsh

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In this article, we investigate the spectral broadening of cosh-Gaussian pulses which is induced by self-phase modulation (SPM) within the tunneling-induced transparency (TIT) window in an asymmetric multiple-quantum-well system. The study demonstrates how a single laser field, combined with a steady static electric field, enables dynamic control of absorption and dispersion profiles of the system, offering precise control of the group velocity of the applied field. The multiple-quantum-well system exhibits a large Kerr nonlinearity (approximately 106W\ensuremath−1m\ensuremath−1{10}^{6}\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}{\text{W}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}{\text{m}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}106W\ensuremath−1m\ensuremath−1), which enhances the SPM effect under the TIT window. Our exploration of SPM using cosh-Gaussian pulses demonstrates that higher probe laser powers result in broader spectral widths and increased internal oscillations, especially under strong tunneling strengths. These results suggest promising applications for fine-tuning light propagation in quantum-well systems and offer a more economical approach for optical light-matter interaction experiments, minimizing the need for extensive optics and optomechanical components.
Abstract This study investigates the generation of broadband supercontinuum within the mid-infrared spectral range employing a symmetric single quantum well (SSWQ) system when the system is operated in the electromagnetically induced transparency regime. By employing a cascade-type excitation scheme with a low-intensity probe field together with a high-intensity control field, the medium exhibits strongly reduced linear absorption along with enhanced Kerr nonlinearity. At a probe wavelength of  9.741 μ m\:9.741\:\mu\:m9.741μm, the system attains a large nonlinear coefficient and weak group-velocity dispersion, enabling efficient nonlinear pulse evolution at comparatively low excitation powers. The influence of self-phase modulation is initially examined using various non-Gaussian input pulse shapes, such as sinh-Gaussian, cosh-Gaussian, and tanh-Gaussian profiles. Among these, tanh-Gaussian pulse produces the strongest SPM-induced spectral broadening. Further, numerical investigation incorporating higher-order dispersion along with enhanced Kerr nonlinearity results efficient SC generation mediated by SPM, modulation instability, four-wave mixing, and soliton dynamics. The tanh- Gaussian and cosh-Gaussian pulses generate the widest spectra, extending up to nearly  2.32\:2.322.32 octaves and  2.54\:2.542.54 octaves, respectively, demonstrating the suitability of SSQW systems for compact mid-infrared photonic applications.
In this paper, we present the dynamics of supercontinuum (SC) generation in an asymmetric semiconductor quantum well (SQW) system employing modulated nonlinearity and dispersion under an electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) window. Specifically, we utilize a weak probe pulse in the system, which is modulated by a strong control field, exploiting the phenomenon of EIT. Adjusting the control field parameters, we obtain large nonlinearities of the order [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] at probe wavelengths [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], respectively. The corresponding dispersion values are [Formula: see text] (for anomalous dispersion) and [Formula: see text] (for normal dispersion), respectively. We investigate the generation of a supercontinuum in the system separately for both the dispersion regimes by using a narrow-band Gaussian pulse. In the regime of anomalous dispersion, the broadening of the SC is mainly governed by the nonlinear processes like the self-phase modulation (SPM), the dispersive wave emission and the soliton self-frequency shift. These nonlinearities manifest into a highly modulated spectral profile with a span of around four octaves ([Formula: see text]3–11.5[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m). However, in the domain of normal dispersion, the SC is dominated by SPM, extending asymmetrically to the higher wavelength side owing to the third-order dispersion. This results in the formation of a smooth and practically flat spectrum, but with a reduced bandwidth of around 3[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m. Our study highlights the versatility of EIT-assisted nonlinear optical control in SQW systems and refers to their possible use in the development of broadband light sources for spectroscopy, optical communications and the development of integrated photonic devices.
An efficient scheme for subluminal light propagation in asymmetric multiple quantum wells is investigated. In such a system, the linear absorption facilitated by transparency can be controlled through tunneling voltage instead of laser field. It is found that, by varying tunneling voltage between two wells and a suitable choice of detuning, the width of the tunneling-induced transparency (TIT) can be broadened. At the same time, it has been analyzed that the dispersion properties of the weak probe pulse could be changed from superluminal to subluminal within the TIT window. The proposed work may have fruitful applications in switching devices and quantum information processing at low light levels.
The self-phase modulation and modulation instability of an optical probe electromagnetic field in multiple quantum well systems under electromagnetically induced transparency has been investigated. The probe field experiences large Kerr and quintic nonlinearities that can be controlled by two controlling laser beams. The probe beam experiences self-phase modulation which is suppressed by the quintic nonlinearity. The probe field is modulationally unstable due to the existence of large nonlinearities. The bandwidth of unstable frequencies and growth of the instability could be controlled by the probe beam power, the Rabi frequency and detunings of two control fields. The presence of the higher order nonlinearity and dispersion significantly reduce the instability growth and bandwidth of unstable frequency.
A scheme for separating optical precursors from a square-modulated laser pulse through an asymmetric double ${\mathrm{Al}}_{x}{\mathrm{Ga}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}$As/GaAs quantum-well structure via resonant tunneling is proposed. Destructive interference inhibits linear absorption, and a tunneling-induced transparency (TIT) window appears with normal dispersion, which delays the main pulse; then optical precursors are obtained. Due to resonant tunneling, constructive interference for nonlinear susceptibility is created. The enhanced dispersion in a narrow TIT window is about one order of magnitude larger than that of the linear case. In this case, the main pulse is much delayed and the precursor signals are easier to obtain. Moreover, the main pulse builds up due to the gain introduced by the enhanced cross-nonlinearity.
We show the formation of tunneling-induced ultraslow bright and dark solitons in an asymmetric double-quantum-well structure based on the tunneling induced transparency. In this semiconductor structure, the pump field is replaced by the electron-tunneling coupling, which can be modulated by a static electric field. With appropriate conditions, we demonstrate by modulating the intensity of the static electric field that the interplay between the group velocity dispersion and the self-Kerr nonlinearity results in the generation of dark and bright solitons with ultraslow group velocity.