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Corfu Summer Institute School and Workshops on Elementary Particle Physics and Gravity (CORFU)

Entanglement in QED scattering processes

Bruno Micciola, Massimo Blasone A, Silvio De Siena, Gaetano Lambiase, Cristina Matrella

Published Dec 9, 2025• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We present recent results on the generation and distribution of entanglement in Quantum Electro-dynamics scattering processes. We analyze both the mechanisms responsible for the entanglement behavior in fundamental interactions and the role of complete complementarity relations in characterizing the local and non-local properties of these quantum processes, highlighting their intricate interplay.

DOI
10.22323/1.490.0124

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We present recent results on the generation and distribution of entanglement in Quantum Electro-dynamics scattering processes. We analyze both the mechanisms responsible for the entanglement behavior in fundamental interactions and the role of complete complementarity relations in characterizing the local and non-local properties of these quantum processes, highlighting their intricate interplay.
We analyze how entanglement is generated and distributed in a Bhabha scattering process (e−e+→e−e+)(e^-e^+\rightarrow e^-e^+)(e−e+→e−e+) at tree level. In our setup an electron AAA scatters with a positron BBB, which is initially entangled with another electron CCC (spectator), that does not participate directly to the process. We find that the QED scattering generates and distributes entanglement in a non-trivial way among the three particles: the correlations in the output channels ABABAB, ACACAC and BCBCBC are studied in detail as functions of the scattering parameters and of the initial entanglement weight. Although derived in a specific case, our results exhibit some general features of other similar QED scattering processes, for which the extension of the present analysis is straightforward.
We reformulate the phenomenon of maximal entanglement conservation in Quantum Electrodynamics (QED) scattering processes, previously discussed in earlier works, using the tools of quantum maps and invariant sets. These sets are characterized as hypersurfaces within the six-dimensional parameter space. Furthermore, we speculate over a possible irreversible (ever-increasing) behavior of entanglement in QED scatterings. • Complete transfer of maximal entanglement in Bhabha scattering. • QED scattering processes preserve maximal entanglement for fermionic systems. • We present the invariant sets representing the conserved maximally entangled states. • Preliminary studies suggest a global rise in entanglement in QED interactions. • Future work will address mixed states and all particle d.o.f.
We study entanglement dynamics among helicity degrees of freedom in quantum electrodynamics (QED) scattering processes. For generic initial states, we consider scattering at fixed momentum, corresponding to a generalized measurement described by a positive operator-valued measure, resulting in a post-measurement state. Such processes are modeled in terms of quantum maps, whose spectral structure fully determines the associated entanglement dynamics. For scattering involving fermions only, maximal entanglement present in the initial state is always preserved. Moreover, iterating the corresponding quantum maps on arbitrary initial states, we obtain the fixed points of the maps, which, in the largest number of cases, are asymptotic (pure) maximally entangled states. The structure of the maps also accounts for the entanglement dynamics in processes involving both fermions and photons. The defining properties of these maps originate from discrete symmetries of the QED interaction.
We exploit the complete complementarity relations (CCR) to fully characterize various aspects of quantumness in quantum electrodynamics (QED) scattering processes at tree level. As a paradigmatic example, we consider Bhabha scattering in two different configurations: in the first case, the initial state is factorized in the spin and we study the generation of entanglement due to the scattering. Then we consider the most general case in which the initial state can be entangled: we find that the scattering generates and distributes quantum information in a nontrivial way among the spin degrees of freedom of the particles, with CCR relations being preserved. An important outcome of our analysis is that maximal entanglement is conserved in the scattering process involving only fermions as input and output states, with a more complex situation if photons are present.