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Chaos Solitons & Fractals

Entanglement dynamics in QED processes

Massimo Blasone A, Silvio De Siena, Gaetano Lambiase, Cristina Matrella, Bruno Micciola

Published Mar 22, 2025• 6 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We reformulate the phenomenon of maximal entanglement conservation in Quantum Electrodynamics (QED) scattering processes, previously discussed in earlier works, using the tools of quantum maps and invariant sets. These sets are characterized as hypersurfaces within the six-dimensional parameter space. Furthermore, we speculate over a possible irreversible (ever-increasing) behavior of entanglement in QED scatterings. • Complete transfer of maximal entanglement in Bhabha scattering. • QED scattering processes preserve maximal entanglement for fermionic systems. • We present the invariant sets representing the conserved maximally entangled states. • Preliminary studies suggest a global rise in entanglement in QED interactions. • Future work will address mixed states and all particle d.o.f.

DOI
10.1016/j.chaos.2025.116305

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We exploit the complete complementarity relations (CCR) to fully characterize various aspects of quantumness in quantum electrodynamics (QED) scattering processes at tree level. As a paradigmatic example, we consider Bhabha scattering in two different configurations: in the first case, the initial state is factorized in the spin and we study the generation of entanglement due to the scattering. Then we consider the most general case in which the initial state can be entangled: we find that the scattering generates and distributes quantum information in a nontrivial way among the spin degrees of freedom of the particles, with CCR relations being preserved. An important outcome of our analysis is that maximal entanglement is conserved in the scattering process involving only fermions as input and output states, with a more complex situation if photons are present.
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We report on a systematic study on the entanglement between helicity degrees of freedom generated at tree level in quantum electrodynamics two-particle scattering processes. We determine the necessary and sufficient dynamical conditions for outgoing particles to be entangled with one another, and expose the hitherto unknown generation of maximal or nearly maximal entanglement through Bhabha and Compton scattering. Our work is an early step in revisiting quantum field theory and high-energy physics in the light of quantum information theory.
We analyze how entanglement is generated and distributed in a Bhabha scattering process $({e}^{\ensuremath{-}}{e}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}{e}^{+})$ at tree level. In our setup an electron AAA scatters with a positron BBB, which is initially entangled with another electron CCC (spectator), that does not participate directly to the process. We find that the QED scattering generates and distributes entanglement in a nontrivial way among the three particles; the correlations in the output channels ABABAB, ACACAC, and BCBCBC are studied in detail as functions of the scattering parameters and of the initial entanglement weight. Although derived in a specific case, our results exhibit some general features of other similar QED scattering processes, for which the extension of the present analysis is straightforward.
We analyze how entanglement is generated and distributed in a Bhabha scattering process (e−e+→e−e+)(e^-e^+\rightarrow e^-e^+)(e−e+→e−e+) at tree level. In our setup an electron AAA scatters with a positron BBB, which is initially entangled with another electron CCC (spectator), that does not participate directly to the process. We find that the QED scattering generates and distributes entanglement in a non-trivial way among the three particles: the correlations in the output channels ABABAB, ACACAC and BCBCBC are studied in detail as functions of the scattering parameters and of the initial entanglement weight. Although derived in a specific case, our results exhibit some general features of other similar QED scattering processes, for which the extension of the present analysis is straightforward.